Difference between revisions of "A concept video and Alan Kay talk at WWDC '90 (VPRI 358)"
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+ | == A concept video on the world with digital agents == | ||
<note for='00:00:31'> | <note for='00:00:31'> | ||
The Wikipedia page of the movie. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1923_film)]. | The Wikipedia page of the movie. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1923_film)]. | ||
The novel is available on Project Gutenberg, etc. [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2610]. | The novel is available on Project Gutenberg, etc. [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2610]. | ||
</note> | </note> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:00:31'> | + | <subtitle id='00:00:31'>1923 Lon Chaney's brilliant characterization of Quasimodo in [The] Hunchback of Notre Dame played on the audiences tendency to stereotype. To prejudge individuals,</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:00:42'>According to their appearance rather than understand them for who they really were.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:00:42'>According to their appearance rather than understand them for who they really were.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:00:53'> | + | <subtitle id='00:00:53'>Stop. Dictate. It's been nearly a century since the Hunchback of Notre Dame horrified audiences in the silent movie houses.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:01:02'>But have attitudes changed much in 95 years or do we still judge far too quickly the content by the cover | + | <subtitle id='00:01:02'>But have attitudes changed much in 95 years or do we still judge far too quickly the content by the cover?</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:01:22'> | + | <subtitle id='00:01:22'>Ugh!, where do we go from here?</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:01:29'>Show me writer's block. The current project is untitled.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:01:29'>Show me writer's block. The current project is untitled.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:01:35'>Continue. You may wish to review your outline, explore the suggestion box, or | + | <subtitle id='00:01:35'>Continue. You may wish to review your outline, explore the suggestion box, or view great writers' methods. Sometimes a short break helps to stimulate ideas.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:01:45'>Perhaps you'd enjoy a pleasant walk.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:01:45'>Perhaps you'd enjoy a pleasant walk.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:01:47'> | + | <subtitle id='00:01:47'>[giggle] No, it's not that bad yet. Um, show me the outline.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:01:53'>Your next heading is: | + | <subtitle id='00:01:53'>Your next heading is: Technology's Impact on Attitudes Toward People With Disabilities.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:01:58'>The subheading is | + | <subtitle id='00:01:58'>The subheading is The Catalyst for Change.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:02:01'>Okay, I need some examples. Where can we go for information about how attitudes and expectations have changed toward people with disability in the last, say, 15 or 20 years?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:02:01'>Okay, I need some examples. Where can we go for information about how attitudes and expectations have changed toward people with disability in the last, say, 15 or 20 years?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:02:14'>I have a list of consultants who provide data excerpts and related areas. There is also a media index called capabilities enhancement.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:02:14'>I have a list of consultants who provide data excerpts and related areas. There is also a media index called capabilities enhancement.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:02:14'>Good. Show me the index. | + | <subtitle id='00:02:14'>Good. Show me the index. Hold the list.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:02:31'>Didn't you guys just finish an entire box of cookies?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:02:31'>Didn't you guys just finish an entire box of cookies?</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:02:36'>Mom, the science thing makes you hungry. Besides it wasn't | + | <subtitle id='00:02:36'>Mom, the science thing makes you hungry. Besides it wasn't an entire box: You had some, too.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:02:45'>One, I had one, well, maybe two. Honey it's too early for dinner. I'm working against a deadline. Can you wait about an hour?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:02:45'>One, I had one, well, maybe two. Honey it's too early for dinner. I'm working against a deadline. Can you wait about an hour?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:02:53'>Maybe.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:02:53'>Maybe.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:03:03'>Right. Happy forging. Bye.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:03:03'>Right. Happy forging. Bye.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:03:07'>Okay, so much for the hydrogen iodide.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:03:07'>Okay, so much for the hydrogen iodide.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:03:11'>One more unit | + | <subtitle id='00:03:11'>One more unit and we're done.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:03:13'>No | + | <subtitle id='00:03:13'>No wait a second. What do you think would happen if we mix chlorine with this.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:03:20'> | + | <subtitle id='00:03:20'>Zach, don't do this to me, please.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:03:21'>Come | + | <subtitle id='00:03:21'>Come Mark! Where is you sense of adventure. Trust me.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:03:52'>Show me this one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:03:52'>Show me this one.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:04:05'>Hi, Cindy.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:04:05'>Hi, Cindy.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:04:25'>Okay.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:04:25'>Okay.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:04:28'>The first thing to do is to put the measuring cup on the scale.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:04:28'>The first thing to do is to put the measuring cup on the scale.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:04:34'>Good. Now | + | <subtitle id='00:04:34'>Good. Now pour in 3/4 cup of milk.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:04:42'>That's it. | + | <subtitle id='00:04:42'>That's it. Keep pouring.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:04:49'>Cindy, you stopped. You need 1/4 cup more.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:04:49'>Cindy, you stopped. You need 1/4 cup more.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:04:53'>Here, I'll show you. Fill it up to the yellow line.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:04:53'>Here, I'll show you. Fill it up to the yellow line.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:04:57'>Okay.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:04:57'>Okay.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:04:58'> | + | <subtitle id='00:04:58'>3/4 cup.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:05:04'>That's it. Keep pouring all the way up to the yellow line.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:04'>That's it. Keep pouring all the way up to the yellow line.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:05:11'>That's it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:11'>That's it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:05:12'>Good. Now, make sure you stir the batter until it is smooth and creamy.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:12'>Good. Now, make sure you stir the batter until it is smooth and creamy.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:05:18'>Cindy, are you finished yet?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:18'>Cindy, are you finished yet?</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:05:23'> | + | <subtitle id='00:05:23'>Yep.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:05:24'>Did you get all of the lumps out?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:24'>Did you get all of the lumps out?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:05:26'>Mm-hmm.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:26'>Mm-hmm.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:05:43'>I hope you had fun making Mom's birthday cake. I think she'll really be surprised.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:43'>I hope you had fun making Mom's birthday cake. I think she'll really be surprised.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:05:53'>Good. save this in the presentation folder. Show me the main index again.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:05:53'>Good. save this in the presentation folder. Show me the main index again.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:06:15'>It's not doing anything | + | <subtitle id='00:06:15'>It's not doing anything!</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:06:20'>Good. We'll just submit the results and move on in next one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:06:20'>Good. We'll just submit the results and move on in next one.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:06:23'>No, we | + | <subtitle id='00:06:23'>No, wait a min, maybe we should try heating it up.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:06:27'>I can't believe this.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:06:27'>I can't believe this.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:06:39'>show me this one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:06:39'>show me this one.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:07:08'>I think we can at least double our normal business for the season.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:08'>I think we can at least double our normal business for the season.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:12'>How much stock would you need?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:12'>How much stock would you need?</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:07:14'>I'm estimating about 10,000 | + | <subtitle id='00:07:14'>I'm estimating about 10,000 pieces, and I want to run four weeks of full-page ads in the mailer.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:07:21'>Four weeks, really?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:21'>Four weeks, really?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:25'>I think we can work something out</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:25'>I think we can work something out</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:27'>I'll have to talk with my sales manager, but, yes, I think we can.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:27'>I'll have to talk with my sales manager, but, yes, I think we can.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:34'>Bonjour madame, heureux de vous revoir. (Hello madam, happy to see you again)</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:34'>Bonjour madame, heureux de vous revoir. (Hello madam, happy to see you again)</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:07:37'>Bonjour Pierre. (Hello, Pierre)</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:07:37'>Bonjour Pierre. (Hello, Pierre). Nice to be back.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:07:39'>Puis je vous offrir un apéritif? (Can I offer you a drink?)</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:39'>Puis je vous offrir un apéritif? (Can I offer you a drink?)</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:41'>Would you like to drink?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:41'>Would you like to drink?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:43'>No, no, thank you.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:43'>No, no, thank you.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:48'>I think we'll just see the menu, thank you.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:48'>I think we'll just see the menu, thank you.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:07:47'> | + | <subtitle id='00:07:47'>Très bien madame, tout de suite. (Very good madam, right away.)</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:07:51'>Impressive. I didn't know you spoke French</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:51'>Impressive. I didn't know you spoke French</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:53'>Well, I don't really, but I understand a little.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:53'>Well, I don't really, but I understand a little.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:08:01'>Wow, I think we just discovered | + | <subtitle id='00:08:01'>Wow, I think we just discovered hydrocloric acid partner. Now, I'm pouring.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:08:17'>Zack, I just realized something.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:08:17'>Zack, I just realized something.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:08:21'>And, | + | <subtitle id='00:08:21'>And now, for the hydrogen.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:08:21'>Zack, don't these halogens, as you go up the periodic table, don't they get volatile?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:08:21'>Zack, don't these halogens, as you go up the periodic table, don't they get volatile?</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:08:21'> | + | <subtitle id='00:08:21'>You were saying?</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:08:38'>Never mind.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:08:38'>Never mind.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:08:42'>Gentlemen, we can discuss this particular reaction tomorrow in | + | <subtitle id='00:08:42'>Gentlemen, we can discuss this particular reaction tomorrow in lab.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:08:48'>In the meantime, please, review the program on halogens before it means the end of civilization as we know it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:08:48'>In the meantime, please, review the program on halogens before it means the end of civilization as we know it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:08:57'>I'll make sure.. right away, sir.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:08:57'>I'll make sure.. right away, sir.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:09:01'>Good luck.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:09:01'>Good luck.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:09:02'>Some partner?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:09:02'>Some partner?</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:09:10'>As we move into the 20s, we begin an era of discovery | + | <subtitle id='00:09:10'>As we move into the 20s, we begin an era of discovery were doing even simple things can bring great power.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:09:20'>Each new year brings the hope that even our bravest dreams may yet come true.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:09:20'>Each new year brings the hope that even our bravest dreams may yet come true.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:09:25'>if Quasimodo is a symbol of the last century sometimes backward ways, then people like | + | <subtitle id='00:09:25'>if Quasimodo is a symbol of the last century sometimes backward ways, then people like Stephanie and Cindy are symbols of the future</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:09:37'>Technology is not the only answer, but it can be and is a catalyst for change.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:09:37'>Technology is not the only answer, but it can be and is a catalyst for change.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:09:46'> | + | <subtitle id='00:09:46'>Stop. Let's shut down.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:09:50'>This document is unnamed. What is your title?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:09:50'>This document is unnamed. What is your title?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:09:54'>Good question.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:09:54'>Good question.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:09:58'>Hey, Einstein, you got any good ideas what I should call this thing?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:09:58'>Hey, Einstein, you got any good ideas what I should call this thing?</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:10:02'> | + | <subtitle id='00:10:02'>Call what?</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:10:03'>The project I'm working on.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:10:03'>The project I'm working on.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:10:03'> | + | <subtitle id='00:10:03'>I don't know, you didn't finish?</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:10:07'>No, I just got started | + | <subtitle id='00:10:07'>No, I just got started really.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:10:23'>Chapter 1, that's not a bad idea. Okay, you guys, let's see.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:10:23'>Chapter 1, that's not a bad idea. Okay, you guys, let's see.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:10:50'> | + | |
− | <subtitle id='00:10:55'>My favorite quote from our next speaker is | + | == Introducing Alan Kay == |
+ | |||
+ | <subtitle id='00:10:50'>That's my favorite Apple video.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <subtitle id='00:10:55'>My favorite quote from our next speaker is “the best way to predict the future is to invent it”.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:11:06'>I've got some bad news for some of you, though. Alan Kay is not going to invent the future.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:06'>I've got some bad news for some of you, though. Alan Kay is not going to invent the future.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:11:15'>That's right. That's your job. Alan's gonna help, though.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:15'>That's right. That's your job. Alan's gonna help, though.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:11:25'>He's going to challenge you to forge some new links in that organic computer between your ears.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:25'>He's going to challenge you to forge some new links in that organic computer between your ears.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:11:33'>Please join me in welcoming Alan Kay.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:33'>Please join me in welcoming Alan Kay.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Introduction == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:11:47'>Thanks for inviting me here tonight.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:47'>Thanks for inviting me here tonight.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:11:53'>With all of these projectors. I usually rate a conference by how many video projectors there are.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:53'>With all of these projectors. I usually rate a conference by how many video projectors there are.</subtitle> | ||
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<note for="00:13:27"> | <note for="00:13:27"> | ||
The video of Knowledge Navigator is available. [https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=knowledge+navigator]. | The video of Knowledge Navigator is available. [https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=knowledge+navigator]. | ||
− | Alan Kay once mentioned that it would have been much stronger concept video if the assistant is portable, and carried with the person, and show the "third way" in this talk. | + | Alan Kay once mentioned that it would have been much stronger concept video if the assistant is portable, and carried with the person, and show the "third way" ("intimate" in "Going from institutional, personal, to intimate.") in this talk. |
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:13:27'>We've talked about them in various ways. You've seen videos of the Knowledge Navigator, and you just saw another agent-based one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:13:27'>We've talked about them in various ways. You've seen videos of the Knowledge Navigator, and you just saw another agent-based one.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Tools. Extension of Human Beings == | ||
+ | |||
+ | <note for="00:13:36"> | ||
+ | We use an incomplete list of slides we have so far. | ||
+ | <slide for="00:13:36" name="WWDC90-1.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:13:41" name="WWDC90-2.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:14:35" name="WWDC90-3.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:17:34" name="WWDC90-4.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:17:53" name="WWDC90-5.JPG"/> | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:13:36'>But, I thought one way of talking about it in perspective is to think of what we're trying to do is to extend human beings.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:13:36'>But, I thought one way of talking about it in perspective is to think of what we're trying to do is to extend human beings.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:13:49'>Human beings are inescapably technology-bound in the sense that we find it almost impossible to deal with the world on any kind of direct terms.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:13:49'>Human beings are inescapably technology-bound in the sense that we find it almost impossible to deal with the world on any kind of direct terms.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:14:05'>Part of it is because our brain can't contain the universe: what our brain contains is representations of the universe.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:14:05'>Part of it is because our brain can't contain the universe: what our brain contains is representations of the universe.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:14:14'>And those representations can't be the universe itself.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:14:14'>And those representations can't be the universe itself.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:14:20'>So, already we're at one remove as the other animals from what we like to think of as reality.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:14:20'>So, already we're at one remove as are the other animals from what we like to think of as reality.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:14:29'>But we've gone much farther than that. We've put ourselves in many many degrees of remove.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:14:29'>But we've gone much farther than that. We've put ourselves in many many degrees of remove.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:14:35'>We put clothing on. We put language on. We put lots of things on.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:14:35'>We put clothing on. We put language on. We put lots of things on.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:16:30'>The reason is is they have an incredible number of parameters that you want to really control in order to get that expression out.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:16:30'>The reason is is they have an incredible number of parameters that you want to really control in order to get that expression out.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:16:39'>The violin has this learning curve that is sort of like this. You have to climb up a thousand foot cliff over a period of two years before you get to do anything </subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:16:39'>The violin has this learning curve that is sort of like this. You have to climb up a thousand foot cliff over a period of two years before you get to do anything </subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:16:50'>Then, you start progressing in various stages. What we've done | + | <subtitle id='00:16:50'>Then, you start progressing in various stages. What we've done on the Mac is more kazoo like.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:16:58'>Taking something that people can learn to do basic operations within a few seconds.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:16:58'>Taking something that people can learn to do basic operations within a few seconds.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:17:03'>And, with an enormous amount more difficulty they can actually create things themselves. So, we have this.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:17:03'>And, with an enormous amount more difficulty they can actually create things themselves. So, we have this.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:17:18'>But then, we have these discontinuities of pulling them up to all of the things that the computer can really do.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:17:18'>But then, we have these discontinuities of pulling them up to all of the things that the computer can really do.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:17:25'>The context, one way of thinking about it, is in terms of these extensions of humans.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:17:25'>The context, one way of thinking about it, is in terms of these extensions of humans.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:17:34'>And | + | <subtitle id='00:17:34'>And the one we always think of are things like screwdrivers and wheels. Less often, we think of tools as language, tools as mathematics.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:17:46'>I like to think of all of these things as extension of the grasp.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:17:46'>I like to think of all of these things as extension of the grasp.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:17:53'>The M-word for me is manipulation on these things.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:17:53'>The M-word for me is manipulation on these things.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:18:13'>We can manipulate them in a way that is almost impossible to do in the real world.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:13'>We can manipulate them in a way that is almost impossible to do in the real world.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:18:20'>The M-word for the tool extensions I think of as manipulation.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:20'>The M-word for the tool extensions I think of as manipulation.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Agents as Extension of Human == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:18:24'>Now, we have another way of extending ourselves over the last several hundred thousand years. It's a little more subtle.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:24'>Now, we have another way of extending ourselves over the last several hundred thousand years. It's a little more subtle.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:18:30'>we don't often think of it. That's by using agents. An agent is an entity that is going to be able to take on some of our goals structure.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:30'>we don't often think of it. That's by using agents. An agent is an entity that is going to be able to take on some of our goals structure.</subtitle> | ||
Line 183: | Line 204: | ||
The book by Lewis Mumford is Technics and Civilization. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technics_and_Civilization|Wikipedia]. | The book by Lewis Mumford is Technics and Civilization. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technics_and_Civilization|Wikipedia]. | ||
</note> | </note> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:19:17'>He was actually sort of an architectural critic, but he also wrote more generally about the plight of humans. He wrote a book called Technics and Civilization, which he called these structures like the structure that we have out here tonight mega-machines.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:19:17'>He was actually sort of an architectural critic, but he also wrote more generally about the plight of humans. He wrote a book called Technics and Civilization, which he called these structures like the structure that we have out here tonight, mega-machines.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:19:33'>He said, for most of human history, [most of the structures that] most of the machines that humans have created have other humans as moving parts.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:19:33'>He said, for most of human history, [most of the structures that] most of the machines that humans have created have other humans as moving parts.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:19:44'>So, we make cities. We make cultures. | + | <subtitle id='00:19:44'>So, we make cities. We make cultures. We have hunting groups.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:19:48'>We have all different kinds of things. These are a microcosm of the general human situation.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:19:48'>We have all different kinds of things. These are a microcosm of the general human situation.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:19:57'>Of course, one of the useful thing about agents is that they can use a tool on your behalf.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:19:57'>Of course, one of the useful thing about agents is that they can use a tool on your behalf.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:20:07'>What's even better about agents is that they can get other agents to do things.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:07'>What's even better about agents is that they can get other agents to do things.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:20:12'>Agents can proliferate your goals in a way that tools are not set up to do.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:12'>Agents can proliferate your goals in a way that tools are not set up to do.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:20:19'>The M-word here I use | + | <subtitle id='00:20:19'>The M-word here I use is management. So, we manipulate tools, we manage agents.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:20:26'>I think of tools is something that we look at and manipulate.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:26'>I think of tools is something that we look at and manipulate.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:20:30'>And, agents are something that look at us, and we manage them.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:30'>And, agents are something that look at us, and we manage them.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:20:35'>It was a very different way of dealing them but they are the two main ways that we've extended ourselves over the years.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:35'>It was a very different way of dealing them but they are the two main ways that we've extended ourselves over the years.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Is Computer A Tool or an Agent? == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:20:43'>One of the biggest problems when computers came out is that the mainframe didn't look like either.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:43'>One of the biggest problems when computers came out is that the mainframe didn't look like either.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:20:50'>Mainframe was out of human scale. Things that are out of human scale, we have mechanisms in our brain that treat them religiously.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:50'>Mainframe was out of human scale. Things that are out of human scale, we have mechanisms in our brain that treat them religiously.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:21:03'>When it's out of human scale we start making up myths about it and there are priests and all the paraphernalia that have gone along with mainstream's over the years.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:03'>When it's out of human scale we start making up myths about it and there are priests and all the paraphernalia that have gone along with mainstream's over the years.</subtitle> | ||
− | |||
<subtitle id='00:21:15'>When people started thinking about, in the late 50s or so, they started wondering both:</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:15'>When people started thinking about, in the late 50s or so, they started wondering both:</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:21:23'>One group of people started thinking about making things into tools, and another group started thinking about making them into agents.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:23'>One group of people started thinking about making things into tools, and another group started thinking about making them into agents.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:21:29'>Both of these ideas go back to maybe 1957 or 58. The first really good interactive debugger was was done at Lincoln | + | <note for="00:21:29"> |
− | <subtitle id='00:21:42'>The | + | The Whirlwind computer done at MIT Lincoln Labs had interactive code change and data examination. A programming experience on a later system inspired by this was described at the bottom of: [http://wiki.c2.com/?ProgrammingInTheDebugger] |
− | <subtitle id='00:21:51'>The first pointing device called the light gun was used back then. McCarthy around 1958 wrote a paper | + | </note> |
+ | <subtitle id='00:21:29'>Both of these ideas go back to maybe 1957 or 58. The first really good interactive debugger was was done at Lincoln Labs around 1957.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <subtitle id='00:21:42'>The SAGE air defense system was done in the mid 50's.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:21:51"> | ||
+ | The advice taker paper by McCarthy is here: [http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcc59.pdf]. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
+ | <subtitle id='00:21:51'>The first pointing device called the light gun was used back then. McCarthy around 1958 wrote a paper called The Advice Taker.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:21:59'>In this paper, McCarthy, who is one of the founders of AI, like this is why he got into AI, said: it is quite obvious that in the near future (unfortunately John is still alive because this hasn't happened yet but see how optimistic everyone one was back then. To him it was obvious.).</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:59'>In this paper, McCarthy, who is one of the founders of AI, like this is why he got into AI, said: it is quite obvious that in the near future (unfortunately John is still alive because this hasn't happened yet but see how optimistic everyone one was back then. To him it was obvious.).</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:22:20'>He said, in the near future that we will soon be embedded in the midst of an information utility that is as dense and as one-for-one as our power and light utilities.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:22:20'>He said, in the near future that we will soon be embedded in the midst of an information utility that is as dense and as one-for-one as our power and light utilities.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:22:58'>And the way we will deal with it is we'll give it advice. In other words, we'll manage it. We won't program it. We'll manage it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:22:58'>And the way we will deal with it is we'll give it advice. In other words, we'll manage it. We won't program it. We'll manage it.</subtitle> | ||
<note for='00:23:05'> | <note for='00:23:05'> | ||
− | MCC was a research consortium to complete against | + | MCC was a research consortium to complete against Japanese Fifth-Generation Computer Project. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectronics_and_Computer_Technology_Corporation]. |
− | The Cyc project is | + | The Cyc project is going at Cycorp inc. [http://www.cyc.com/]. |
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:05'>This started off (a very long-standing...) It's gone on for many many years now, the latest most interesting thing like what John McCarthy wanted to do is a project called Cyc, which is a model of human common-sense done at MCC by Doug Lenat.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:05'>This started off (a very long-standing...) It's gone on for many many years now, the latest most interesting thing like what John McCarthy wanted to do is a project called Cyc, which is a model of human common-sense done at MCC by Doug Lenat.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:23:26"> | ||
+ | The book is Building "Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project" by Lenat and R.V. Guha, published in 1990. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:26'>If you're interested in I refer you to that work. he's also at Stanford and he's just written a pretty good book about it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:26'>If you're interested in I refer you to that work. he's also at Stanford and he's just written a pretty good book about it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:33'>This goes all the way back to McCarthy's original ideas on this. It is a very hard problem.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:33'>This goes all the way back to McCarthy's original ideas on this. It is a very hard problem.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:41'>But McCarthy's insight was very strong because we are going to be embedded in the midst of an information utility.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:41'>But McCarthy's insight was very strong because we are going to be embedded in the midst of an information utility.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:23:51'>It's happening willy-nilly. AT&T could have done it after the divestiture, but they were frightened of the idea</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:23:51'>It's happening willy-nilly. AT&T could have done it after the divestiture, but they were frightened of the idea.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:24:59'>Somebody told them they had a network, they said: "network? We thought we had a telephone!"</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:59'>Somebody told them they had a network, they said: "network? We thought we had a telephone!"</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:24:04'>And, they fired the guy they had originally gotten in to do this project called Baby Bell, which was going to be a pervasive network in the early 80s | + | <subtitle id='00:24:04'>And, they fired the guy they had originally gotten in to do this project called Baby Bell, which was going to be a pervasive network in the early 80s that people could write applications to.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:24:16'>But the point is that we're just now starting to go into a change as large, I believe, as the one from the mainframes to what you're doing today.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:16'>But the point is that we're just now starting to go into a change as large, I believe, as the one from the mainframes to what you're doing today.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:24:28'> | + | <subtitle id='00:24:28'>And the question is how frightening is it actually going to be.</subtitle> |
− | + | ||
− | + | == Seeds of Transition from Institutionalized Computing to Personal Computing == | |
− | |||
<subtitle id='00:24:35'>Well, I got a big surprise. I this is the first personal computer I did it was called the FLEX machine. (Must be a critic.)</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:35'>Well, I got a big surprise. I this is the first personal computer I did it was called the FLEX machine. (Must be a critic.)</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:46'>it's called the FLEX machine.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:46'>it's called the FLEX machine.</subtitle> | ||
<note for="00:24:50"> | <note for="00:24:50"> | ||
− | + | Doug Engelbart Institute website [http://www.dougengelbart.org/] has large collection of his group's work. | |
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:50'>I did it, inspired by the work of Doug Engelbart over here at SRI. Great guy.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:50'>I did it, inspired by the work of Doug Engelbart over here at SRI. Great guy.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:59'>This is one of the great things about our business is that we've compressed to 400 years of ordinary history of Technology into 40.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:59'>This is one of the great things about our business is that we've compressed to 400 years of ordinary history of Technology into 40.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:25:09'>So, all of these great people who have these original ideas are still alive and we can tell them that...</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:09'>So, all of these great people who have these original ideas are still alive and we can tell them that...</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:25:13'>you know, giving a testimonial to somebody after they're dead really stinks but, it's wonderful that these people, | + | <subtitle id='00:25:13'>you know, giving a testimonial to somebody after they're dead really stinks but, it's wonderful that these people, </subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:25:21'>real heroes because they did this stuff when it was really hard.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:25:21'>who are real heroes because they did this stuff when it was really hard.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:25:25'>We think it's hard now but it's not even, not even close to what it was like back then.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:25:25'>We think it's hard now, but it's not even, not even close to what it was like back then.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:25:30'>I think of him as the actual father of personal computing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:30'>I think of him as the actual father of personal computing.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:25:34'>He didn't do the first personal computer, that was done at Lincoln | + | <subtitle id='00:25:34'>He didn't do the first personal computer, that was done at Lincoln Labs in in 1962.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:25:41'>But, he was the guy who thought about the users relationship to the machine in the way we think of today with with personal computing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:41'>But, he was the guy who thought about the users relationship to the machine in the way we think of today with with personal computing.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:25:48'> I think that's the most important part of it. So, I got really excited. The main bug in the Engelbart's thing is he tried to do it on time sharing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:48'> I think that's the most important part of it. So, I got really excited. The main bug in the Engelbart's thing is he tried to do it on time sharing.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:25:56'>You don't have enough cycles to do user interface the way it needs to be done. So, it was just getting, this is 1967 or so.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:56'>You don't have enough cycles to do user interface the way it needs to be done. So, it was just getting, this is 1967 or so.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:26:08'>(The chip,) General Instruments I think it was a company that no longer is with us had just come out with a marvelous chip that | + | <subtitle id='00:26:08'>(The chip,) General Instruments I think it was a company that no longer is with us had just come out with a marvelous chip that had 512 bits on it.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:26:19'>It's 512 bit ROM.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:26:19'>It's 512 bit ROM.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:26:25"> | ||
+ | Core Rope Memory on Wikipedia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core_rope_memory]. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:26:25'>You know how we went to the moon? You guys have ever seen anything called core rope?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:26:25'>You know how we went to the moon? You guys have ever seen anything called core rope?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:26:34'>The way they program computers with read-only memory before then was they had magnetic cores which are about this big, and they were magnetized.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:26:34'>The way they program computers with read-only memory before then was they had magnetic cores which are about this big, and they were magnetized.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:26:49'>Each wire was a sense wire.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:26:49'>Each wire was a sense wire.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:26:52'>The computer that the astronauts went to the moon on was a program by a tangle of wire of about two cubic feet that was held onboard of that spacecraft.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:26:52'>The computer that the astronauts went to the moon on was a program by a tangle of wire of about two cubic feet that was held onboard of that spacecraft.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:27:03'>So, 512-bit rom was a big deal. | + | <subtitle id='00:27:03'>So, 512-bit rom was a big deal. It meant we could do micro coding in a way that would not completely drive us crazy.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:27:13'>But, the problem with this approach and I think the approach of this middle way of going about it is | + | <subtitle id='00:27:13'>But, the problem with this approach and I think the approach of this middle way of going about it is that Engelbart's user interface was too violin-like.</subtitle> |
− | |||
<subtitle id='00:27:25'>If you're willing to spend many many hours getting expert at it you could do truly amazing things.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:27:25'>If you're willing to spend many many hours getting expert at it you could do truly amazing things.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:27:31'>There's a real discontinuity. In 1968 I saw a terrific system done at | + | <subtitle id='00:27:31'>There's a real discontinuity. In 1968, I saw a terrific system done at RAND which did hand character recognition.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:27:41'>That changed my whole notion about machines because Engelbart's way of thinking about it was that the mainframe is sort of like a railroad, and somebody needs to be Henry Ford.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:27:41'>That changed my whole notion about machines because Engelbart's way of thinking about it was that the mainframe is sort of like a railroad, and somebody needs to be Henry Ford.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:27:56'>We don't want IBM or these big companies telling us what we can do with a computer.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:27:56'>We don't want IBM or these big companies telling us what we can do with a computer.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:29:12'>The middle one is sort of like Newtonian physics.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:12'>The middle one is sort of like Newtonian physics.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:29:15'>The one on the right hand side is maybe the theory of relativity or something modern.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:15'>The one on the right hand side is maybe the theory of relativity or something modern.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == The Transition is not Incremental, but Qualitatively Different Relationship == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:29:21'>The important idea that these are huge. They are not progressive changes that are just about computers getting smaller.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:21'>The important idea that these are huge. They are not progressive changes that are just about computers getting smaller.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:29:27'>They're actually changes in point of view. Big changes in the relationship of the user to the machine.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:27'>They're actually changes in point of view. Big changes in the relationship of the user to the machine.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:29:34'>I'll just give you one example: if you take the mainframe, | + | <subtitle id='00:29:34'>I'll just give you one example: if you take the mainframe, 3270 glass teletype screens way of doing things,</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:29:46'>and that extends to the IBM PC because the IBM PC was sort of a way of doing a small mainframe without adding any new insights into how you were to interact with it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:46'>and that extends to the IBM PC because the IBM PC was sort of a way of doing a small mainframe without adding any new insights into how you were to interact with it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:30:00'>The basic idea of user interface on these machines is to think of it as access to function.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:30:00'>The basic idea of user interface on these machines is to think of it as access to function.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:30:40'>It's number one task is to gently teach you all the things that it can do and make you aware each time what can be done next.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:30:40'>It's number one task is to gently teach you all the things that it can do and make you aware each time what can be done next.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:30:50'>Putting things into pulldown menus as a primary strategy is a terrible one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:30:50'>Putting things into pulldown menus as a primary strategy is a terrible one.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:30:56'>When I see a Mac application that has no visible menus, I say: " | + | <subtitle id='00:30:56'>When I see a Mac application that has no visible menus, I say: "oh-oh, this thing probably ran on an IBM PC at some point and they're just trying to put Bearnaise sauce on the hot dog.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:31:11'>But you have to do more. You have to change the | + | <subtitle id='00:31:11'>But you have to do more. You have to change the user's relationship to the system and realize that your major task is to have the users learn as they go along.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:31:20'>Just as that is a such a large revolution that most of the people who are trying to imitate it don't understand it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:31:20'>Just as that is a such a large revolution that most of the people who are trying to imitate it don't understand it.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Intimate Computing Will Be Proactive Engine == | ||
<subtitle id='00:31:29'>We're just starting on the next revolution which is going to be equally cataclysmic because the computer that goes wherever we are will probably not even have an on/off switch.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:31:29'>We're just starting on the next revolution which is going to be equally cataclysmic because the computer that goes wherever we are will probably not even have an on/off switch.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:31:41'>It's not going to be a standalone laptop. It almost certainly will be hooked into digital cellular.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:31:41'>It's not going to be a standalone laptop. It almost certainly will be hooked into digital cellular.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:32:23'>But, what we're going to have in the next few years is a proactive engine.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:23'>But, what we're going to have in the next few years is a proactive engine.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:32:27'>That's a proactive engine that's going to be embedded in a pervasive network.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:27'>That's a proactive engine that's going to be embedded in a pervasive network.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:32:33'>Not like local area net, not sharing files, but ones in which we are going to get resources not in a computer store</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:32:33'>Not like local area net, not sharing files, but ones in which we are going to get resources not in a computer store.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:32:43'>But, somebody in Timbuktu is going to write us an application.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:43'>But, somebody in Timbuktu is going to write us an application.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:32:48'>They don't know about us but they're going to write a component that is exactly what we want and our agent is going to find it for us.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:48'>They don't know about us but they're going to write a component that is exactly what we want and our agent is going to find it for us.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:33:28'>And, that the major difference is that we're asking those questions now in the Macintosh.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:28'>And, that the major difference is that we're asking those questions now in the Macintosh.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:32'>A few years from now, we're going to have to start seriously asking them about an entirely new way of doing computing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:32'>A few years from now, we're going to have to start seriously asking them about an entirely new way of doing computing.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == What is Relevant is Finding Important Information == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:33:42'>So, these are a couple of Larry's examples, which I think are particularly nice.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:42'>So, these are a couple of Larry's examples, which I think are particularly nice.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:46'>People worried about response time on the mainframe.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:46'>People worried about response time on the mainframe.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:51'>3090. Today typical 3090 in a public utilities that I'm familiar with, you get 0.05 MIPSs per user.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:51'>3090. Today typical 3090 in a public utilities that I'm familiar with, you get 0.05 MIPSs per user.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:51'>It has lots.. that, you know, it's about a 30 MIPS machines but there are 450 terminals on it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:51'>It has lots.. that, you know, it's about a 30 MIPS machines but there are 450 terminals on it.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:34:09"> | ||
+ | A Wikipedia page on path length: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_path_length]. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:09'>What they worry about when they do software on it is what they call path length.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:09'>What they worry about when they do software on it is what they call path length.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:13'>(because) Does anybody in this room ever heard the expression path length? Right.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:13'>(because) Does anybody in this room ever heard the expression path length? Right.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:34:27'>Path length is how many millions of instructions have to be executed by the mainframe before you get a response back to the terminal.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:27'>Path length is how many millions of instructions have to be executed by the mainframe before you get a response back to the terminal.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:38'>Right? We don't worry about that. Instead, what we're in is a horsepower race.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:38'>Right? We don't worry about that. Instead, what we're in is a horsepower race.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:34:43'>Most of you here are too young to remember the 50s. This is before the gas | + | <subtitle id='00:34:43'>Most of you here are too young to remember the 50s. This is before the gas wars. In the 50s, we had these great old Dodges with 450 horsepower.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:34:54'>They got about 6 miles to the gallon, and they made a lot of noise.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:54'>They got about 6 miles to the gallon, and they made a lot of noise.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:57'>You could lay a strip of rubber a block long and these things. That's where we are right now.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:57'>You could lay a strip of rubber a block long and these things. That's where we are right now.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:35:25'>We're gonna have tons of MIPS. 50 to 100 MIPS in 1995 easy.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:35:25'>We're gonna have tons of MIPS. 50 to 100 MIPS in 1995 easy.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:35:30'>Much more than that, actually. (It's) We're going to be drowned in MIPS.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:35:30'>Much more than that, actually. (It's) We're going to be drowned in MIPS.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:35:35'>We won't know what to do with the MIPS. In fact, the MIPS are going to disappear from our view just like path length is something that we no longer think about</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:35:35'>We won't know what to do with the MIPS. In fact, the MIPS are going to disappear from our view just like path length is something that we no longer think about.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:35:46'>We're going to worry about can we find what we need out of the trillion objects or more that we're connected to dynamically.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:35:46'>We're going to worry about: can we find what we need out of the trillion objects or more that we're connected to dynamically.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:35:54'>Can we find it?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:35:54'>Can we find it?</subtitle> | ||
− | == Integrate Information == | + | == Integrate Information Key Ideas about Dynamic Linking == |
<subtitle id='00:36:00'>Integrate information, what is something that is closer to home. We don't on a mainframe.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:36:00'>Integrate information, what is something that is closer to home. We don't on a mainframe.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:37:19'>If you can do that, then you can get all of the relevant stuff seem to be in the same place.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:19'>If you can do that, then you can get all of the relevant stuff seem to be in the same place.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:37:26'>A critical insight first had by Engelbart. </subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:26'>A critical insight first had by Engelbart. </subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:37:29'>Feel of interaction. It feels like editing on a 3270 or an IBM PC. Layout on the Mac, you're moving around | + | |
+ | == Feel of Interaction == | ||
+ | |||
+ | <subtitle id='00:37:29'>Feel of interaction. It feels like editing on a 3270 or an IBM PC. Layout on the Mac, you're moving around 2D things.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:37:39'>Larry says orchestration, but I like to use the word conducting because what we're going to be manipulating on the in this next revolution is going to be active, proactive, objects not passive ones.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:39'>Larry says orchestration, but I like to use the word conducting because what we're going to be manipulating on the in this next revolution is going to be active, proactive, objects not passive ones.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:37:58'>Issue commands. Again, think of Institutional, well, you have to remember and type.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:58'>Issue commands. Again, think of Institutional, well, you have to remember and type.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:40:02'>And so the more the developers agitate for support for getting into this third way, this third paradigm of computing, the more easy it is for Apple to decide to do it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:02'>And so the more the developers agitate for support for getting into this third way, this third paradigm of computing, the more easy it is for Apple to decide to do it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:12'>It works both ways.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:12'>It works both ways.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Difference in Programming Models: COBOL vs. Object-Oriented == | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:17'>Here's an interesting one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:17'>Here's an interesting one.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:21'>The first thing probably is foreign to you, but it's what goes on in the other world out there. That world slightly to the east of the San Andreas Fault.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:21'>The first thing probably is foreign to you, but it's what goes on in the other world out there. That world slightly to the east of the San Andreas Fault.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:40:36"> | ||
+ | This project was for Brooklyn Union Gas. A paper titled "Object-oriented development at Brooklyn Union Gas" by John Davis and Tom Morgan exists. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:36'>What happens is companies like Arthur Andersen get hired by a public utility as an example to do a billing program.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:36'>What happens is companies like Arthur Andersen get hired by a public utility as an example to do a billing program.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:47'>They sit down and they have these design tools, and they figure: "hmm, this program is going to take about 1.6 million lines of COBOL to do."</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:47'>They sit down and they have these design tools, and they figure: "hmm, this program is going to take about 1.6 million lines of COBOL to do."</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:44:56'>We have to do it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:44:56'>We have to do it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:45:01'>This is not a plea for Apple events, but it's just to get you to realize that what Apple events are about is to try and find an object-oriented protocol for things that are big and ugly inside, but are nonetheless going to have to be treated as objects in order to make progression as far as integration is concerned.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:45:01'>This is not a plea for Apple events, but it's just to get you to realize that what Apple events are about is to try and find an object-oriented protocol for things that are big and ugly inside, but are nonetheless going to have to be treated as objects in order to make progression as far as integration is concerned.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Objects to Components == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:45:23'>Now, the important thing is if you take a look at the right-hand panel there, what we see is not generic tools.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:45:23'>Now, the important thing is if you take a look at the right-hand panel there, what we see is not generic tools.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:45:30'>The generic tool is like a spreadsheet, like a desktop publishing system.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:45:30'>The generic tool is like a spreadsheet, like a desktop publishing system.</subtitle> | ||
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Lotus Jazz. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Jazz]. | Lotus Jazz. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Jazz]. | ||
</note> | </note> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:45:47'>You can't do is like Lotus' | + | <subtitle id='00:45:47'>You can't do is like Lotus's failed attempt with Jazz.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:45:51'>You just can't build in all of those tools.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:45:51'>You just can't build in all of those tools.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:45:53'>What you really want to do when you do a system like that is make an operating system for doing desktop publishing.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:45:53'>What you really want to do when you do a system like that, is make an operating system for doing desktop publishing.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:46:01'>It's a Finder for desktop publishing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:46:01'>It's a Finder for desktop publishing.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:46:02'>You want, you can build in a few tools, but you should let fourth party developers build in those extra fancy tools in the toolbox.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:46:02'>You want, you can build in a few tools, but you should let fourth-party developers build in those extra fancy tools in the toolbox.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:46:14'>Think of what it actually means. You know, the person who comes up with the best one of these is always going to get bought.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:46:14'>Think of what it actually means. You know, the person who comes up with the best one of these is always going to get bought.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:46:22'>That's the operating system part of the thing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:46:22'>That's the operating system part of the thing.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:47:22'>This is really ugly. It's a terrible way of doing things.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:47:22'>This is really ugly. It's a terrible way of doing things.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:47:27'>If you move an object, classical object, from one place to the other, all the important code that knows about the internal formats and stuff goes with it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:47:27'>If you move an object, classical object, from one place to the other, all the important code that knows about the internal formats and stuff goes with it.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:47:36'>This is the promise of object-oriented programming. But you still have to write code in | + | <subtitle id='00:47:36'>This is the promise of object-oriented programming. But you still have to write code in its receiving end.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:47:42'>In order for that object to be a component, it has to adhere to some sort of standard protocol.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:47:42'>In order for that object to be a component, it has to adhere to some sort of standard protocol.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:47:47'>That's what Apple events is supposed to be about. But I think you can see that that is not going to last in the world of pervasive networking, right?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:47:47'>That's what Apple events is supposed to be about. But I think you can see that that is not going to last in the world of pervasive networking, right?</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:48:43'>That means that the components have to be much more self describing, even than objects are.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:48:43'>That means that the components have to be much more self describing, even than objects are.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:48:49'>This is a real challenge. It has not been done successfully. At the end of this talk, I'm going to show you a couple of examples of some experiments in this because I think it's a really interesting way of thinking about the future.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:48:49'>This is a real challenge. It has not been done successfully. At the end of this talk, I'm going to show you a couple of examples of some experiments in this because I think it's a really interesting way of thinking about the future.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Tools Change Very Slowly: Screwdriver == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:49:06'>Finally, what's the key to all this stuff? Well, if you ask somebody for a screwdriver, and they just give you this, you would get very angry.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:06'>Finally, what's the key to all this stuff? Well, if you ask somebody for a screwdriver, and they just give you this, you would get very angry.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:15'>They say: "what's wrong? You know I'm giving you a screwdriver this is a mainframe. This is the functional part of it. What are you complaining about?"</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:15'>They say: "what's wrong? You know I'm giving you a screwdriver this is a mainframe. This is the functional part of it. What are you complaining about?"</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:24'>You say, "well, no. I want the user interface.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:24'>You say, "well, no. I want the user interface.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:28'>Because if I don't do that, I'm not going to have a tool. Now, when I was making this slide, I looked at this and it occurred to me that this was the dumbest design for a screwdriver that I'd ever saw.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:28'>Because if I don't do that, I'm not going to have a tool. Now, when I was making this slide, I looked at this and it occurred to me that this was the dumbest design for a screwdriver that I'd ever saw.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:49:40'>I'd never looked at it before. I was thinking that wow the mechanical advantage is the ratio of the diameter of the handle to the diameter of the shaft.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:49:40'>I'd never looked at it before. I was thinking that, wow, the mechanical advantage is the ratio of the diameter of the handle to the diameter of the shaft.</subtitle> |
+ | <note for="00:49:50"> | ||
+ | Alan was gesturing the way where his palm would be on the side of the handle. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:50'>That's small. I get the most purchase on it by grabbing it like this, but I do it like this it slides off the screw.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:50'>That's small. I get the most purchase on it by grabbing it like this, but I do it like this it slides off the screw.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:49:56"> | ||
+ | Here, his palm is at the end of handle but only fingers are used to turn the handle. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:56'>If I hold it the way it wants me to do I get very little leverage.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:56'>If I hold it the way it wants me to do I get very little leverage.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:50:59'>As I started thinking "what should a screwdriver look like?" What should it look like?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:50:59'>As I started thinking "what should a screwdriver look like?" What should it look like?</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:51:04'>What you want to ask is this thing an old kind of tools, or is this a new kind of tool?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:04'>What you want to ask is this thing an old kind of tools, or is this a new kind of tool?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:51:09'>User interface is the key here.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:09'>User interface is the key here.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == User Interface as the way to change the relationship == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:51:14'>The important idea in the user interface is that you can change the relationship of the user to his knowledge by giving them a different kind of representation system to think about it in terms of.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:14'>The important idea in the user interface is that you can change the relationship of the user to his knowledge by giving them a different kind of representation system to think about it in terms of.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:51:29'>That is a key notion. It is incredibly difficult to deal with numbers in terms of Roman numerals.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:29'>That is a key notion. It is incredibly difficult to deal with numbers in terms of Roman numerals.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:51:46'>There in any population, 5% of the people are natural-born nerds for whatever it is.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:46'>There in any population, 5% of the people are natural-born nerds for whatever it is.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:51:53'>We're all in this room together. But the other 95% have other, more reasonable, more balanced pursuits.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:53'>We're all in this room together. But the other 95% have other, more reasonable, more balanced pursuits.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:52:07'>The way of getting them to do multiplication two [numbers] is to come up with Arabic notation that has a simple algorithm and then everybody can learn how to do it.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:52:07'>The way of getting them to do multiplication [of] two [numbers] is to come up with Arabic notation that has a simple algorithm and then everybody can learn how to do it.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:52:17'>If you want to communicate with an animal, then come up with a representation system that will link what you want to communicate with what the animal can deal with.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:52:17'>If you want to communicate with an animal, then come up with a representation system that will link what you want to communicate with what the animal can deal with.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:52:26'>This is an example of a chimpanzee doing a symbolic language in terms of icons that work quite well some years ago.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:52:26'>This is an example of a chimpanzee doing a symbolic language in terms of icons that work quite well some years ago.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:53:00'>How do we make use of what we found.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:00'>How do we make use of what we found.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:53:05'>Well, we have a user interface that seems to work pretty well. Let me give you an example.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:05'>Well, we have a user interface that seems to work pretty well. Let me give you an example.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Lara uses Mac: Similarity among Applications == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:53:22'>This is a 22 month old little girl and her her mother is my accountant.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:22'>This is a 22 month old little girl and her her mother is my accountant.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:53:31'>Both their parents, when this was taken, worked at home. Each of them had a Macintosh.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:31'>Both their parents, when this was taken, worked at home. Each of them had a Macintosh.</subtitle> | ||
Line 459: | Line 529: | ||
<subtitle id='00:54:39'>But what happened next really amazed me. She wants to get a clean sheet of paper.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:54:39'>But what happened next really amazed me. She wants to get a clean sheet of paper.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:54:44'>So she goes up to the close box of the window, and she saves her old drawing using the pop-up and then she goes to the pulldown to get a new one and she's off and rolling again.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:54:44'>So she goes up to the close box of the window, and she saves her old drawing using the pop-up and then she goes to the pulldown to get a new one and she's off and rolling again.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:55:10'>This was sewing | + | <subtitle id='00:55:10'>[This was sewing] That doesn't make you want to buy a Mac?</subtitle> |
<note for='00:55:22'> | <note for='00:55:22'> | ||
− | Somebody | + | Somebody presumably joked about wanting to buy a child, not a Mac. |
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:55:22'>that's what's great about children. You can make them. you don't have to buy them.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:55:22'>that's what's great about children. You can make them. you don't have to buy them.</subtitle> | ||
Line 479: | Line 549: | ||
<subtitle id='00:57:24'>You ever opened the hood of a Cadillac? If you wanted to find the carburetor you wouldn't even know where to look for it even if it had one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:24'>You ever opened the hood of a Cadillac? If you wanted to find the carburetor you wouldn't even know where to look for it even if it had one.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:57:33'>It can't fire off one cylinder without energizing about a hundred thousand transistors.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:33'>It can't fire off one cylinder without energizing about a hundred thousand transistors.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:57:39"> | ||
+ | The nickname of the Model T is Tin Lizzie, which is used to symbolize the VPRI's later work, including the domain name of this site. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:57:39'>There's nothing like a Model T. That's what it's like if the users are allowed to pop the hood of your applications.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:39'>There's nothing like a Model T. That's what it's like if the users are allowed to pop the hood of your applications.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:57:46'>There's very little that they can do to customize it and yet every user that you have within the first month of using your tools has ideas about the way it should actually be.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:46'>There's very little that they can do to customize it and yet every user that you have within the first month of using your tools has ideas about the way it should actually be.</subtitle> | ||
Line 490: | Line 563: | ||
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:58:37'>This one you might only spend 99 bucks for at Egghead. But in fact, this movie was taken in 1975.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:58:37'>This one you might only spend 99 bucks for at Egghead. But in fact, this movie was taken in 1975.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:58:48"> | ||
+ | Possibly by Susan Hamet. See. [http://worrydream.com/EarlyHistoryOfSmalltalk] | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:58:48'>This application, not the drawing here, but the application was designed and implemented by a twelve-year-old child.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:58:48'>This application, not the drawing here, but the application was designed and implemented by a twelve-year-old child.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:58:55'>So, this is an example of end-user programming. This is almost impossible to do in HyperCard because she's not using pre-done graphics primitives here.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:58:55'>So, this is an example of end-user programming. This is almost impossible to do in HyperCard because she's not using pre-done graphics primitives here.</subtitle> | ||
Line 496: | Line 572: | ||
<subtitle id='00:59:14'>About one page of code to do this application.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:59:14'>About one page of code to do this application.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:59:17'>This horrifies college professors when I suggest they do this as a term project for their beginning programming class because it's too hard in pascal.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:59:17'>This horrifies college professors when I suggest they do this as a term project for their beginning programming class because it's too hard in pascal.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:59:27'>But, this is the kind of thing that when you think of the system ahead of time as being something that the end user is going to do more with | + | <subtitle id='00:59:27'>But, this is the kind of thing that when you think of the system ahead of time as being something that the end user is going to do more with than just twitch parameters you've set then you'll design it in a different way.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:59:50'>What you'd like to see is even if you've got a Cadillac down there, and most of you guys have Ferraris, written in things much worse than C, screaming machine code.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:59:50'>What you'd like to see is even if you've got a Cadillac down there, and most of you guys have Ferraris, written in things much worse than C, screaming machine code.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:00:02'>Even if you've got all that stuff down there, what you should start thinking about doing is give the user a Model T version of it to look at.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:00:02'>Even if you've got all that stuff down there, what you should start thinking about doing is give the user a Model T version of it to look at.</subtitle> | ||
Line 505: | Line 581: | ||
<subtitle id='01:00:52'>The important thing to remember is that the agent is watching you. You're not watching it so much anymore. It's watching you.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:00:52'>The important thing to remember is that the agent is watching you. You're not watching it so much anymore. It's watching you.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:00:59'>And, you want it to track your goals in an extremely high-resolution way.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:00:59'>And, you want it to track your goals in an extremely high-resolution way.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == An example of Computer Agent: The Synthetic Performer == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='01:01:04'>I thought for quite a while and what can I show you that will illustrate an agent track and goals.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:01:04'>I thought for quite a while and what can I show you that will illustrate an agent track and goals.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="01:01:19"> | ||
+ | The work is called The Synthetic Performer by Barry Vercoe with Larry Beauregard. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOYky8MmrEU] | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='01:01:09'>And, I found an agent done at MIT that I think illustrates this idea.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:01:09'>And, I found an agent done at MIT that I think illustrates this idea.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:01:19'>Here, the computer is playing the harpsichord.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:01:19'>Here, the computer is playing the harpsichord.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='01:02:03'>Well, that's impressive, but of course the flute player didn't make any mistakes | + | <subtitle id='01:02:03'>Well, that's impressive, but of course the flute player didn't make any mistakes, and that ain't the way it really goes.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='01:02:11'>How did that work? Well, the computer had a model of the whole set of goals to be accomplished, including what it was supposed to do, and what the human was trying to accomplish.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:02:11'>How did that work? Well, the computer had a model of the whole set of goals to be accomplished, including what it was supposed to do, and what the human was trying to accomplish.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:02:22'>It was tracking both of them, and making some judgments about what the guy was playing expressively and so forth.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:02:22'>It was tracking both of them, and making some judgments about what the guy was playing expressively and so forth.</subtitle> | ||
Line 519: | Line 601: | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:02'>This is one of the first tasks. The interesting thing about agents is they don't have to be terribly smart.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:02'>This is one of the first tasks. The interesting thing about agents is they don't have to be terribly smart.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:08'>This one is not terribly smart, and it works quite well.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:08'>This one is not terribly smart, and it works quite well.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <note for="01:04:11"> | ||
+ | (Work at the ATARI Research. Not the one Alan describes but related work from ATARI Research can be seen here: [https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=KMKVTbcF2ro] | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:11'>One of the first agents I designed is one that simply stayed up all night and found you the newspaper you'd most like to read next morning.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:11'>One of the first agents I designed is one that simply stayed up all night and found you the newspaper you'd most like to read next morning.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:20'>It did it by looking at 12 different databases, spending hours sifting through things.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:20'>It did it by looking at 12 different databases, spending hours sifting through things.</subtitle> | ||
Line 545: | Line 631: | ||
<subtitle id='01:07:17'>This is sort of an Apple problem in a sense is that the the people who did Apple link refused to admit that most Mac's have hard disks on them.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:07:17'>This is sort of an Apple problem in a sense is that the the people who did Apple link refused to admit that most Mac's have hard disks on them.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:07:27'>Because of that, they make you wait for the modem, and wait for the modem.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:07:27'>Because of that, they make you wait for the modem, and wait for the modem.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='01:07:30'>You don't have to wait for the modem | + | <subtitle id='01:07:30'>You don't have to wait for the modem! An agent can download the stuff, and have it ready to go, and it can even do some of the reading of it while you're doing.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='01:07:37'>Why don't one of you guys do one of those things | + | <subtitle id='01:07:37'>Why don't one of you guys do one of those things?</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='01:07:41'>In credit, you know, because you can do agents now. So start doing it. We need them.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:07:41'>In credit, you know, because you can do agents now. So start doing it. We need them.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='01:07:49'>The only way we can get better on this stuff is to have a lot of things to | + | <subtitle id='01:07:49'>The only way we can get better on this stuff is to have a lot of things to use and to criticize.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='01:07:53'>It's the most important aspect. So, this is sort of an old farts talk I realize.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='01:07:53'>It's the most important aspect. So, this is sort of an old farts talk, I realize.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='01:08:01'>I'm working on my old farts merit badge.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:08:01'>I'm working on my old farts merit badge.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:08:07'>But the way we make progress here is by trying to go for the good stuff, trying to find a romantic ideal, and realizing and having faith that the money will come by doing something good.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:08:07'>But the way we make progress here is by trying to go for the good stuff, trying to find a romantic ideal, and realizing and having faith that the money will come by doing something good.</subtitle> | ||
Line 555: | Line 641: | ||
<subtitle id='01:08:30'>Now, we're all making money on it, but if we just set out to do money we would have done another MS-DOS clone like Compaq does.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:08:30'>Now, we're all making money on it, but if we just set out to do money we would have done another MS-DOS clone like Compaq does.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:08:41'>The same thing is true for this stuff. We can actually push into this new era and be one of the leaders for this new way of proactive computing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:08:41'>The same thing is true for this stuff. We can actually push into this new era and be one of the leaders for this new way of proactive computing.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='01:08:52'>And we can do it starting now on the Macintosh with your help. As always the strongest weapon we have to explore a strange new world like this is the one between our ears, providing | + | <subtitle id='01:08:52'>And we can do it starting now on the Macintosh with your help. As always the strongest weapon we have to explore a strange new world like this is the one between our ears, providing it's loaded.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='01:09:06'>Thank you very much. Thank you.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:09:06'>Thank you very much. Thank you.</subtitle> |
Latest revision as of 21:07, 19 January 2025
Contents
- 1 A concept video on the world with digital agents
- 2 Introducing Alan Kay
- 3 Introduction
- 4 Tools. Extension of Human Beings
- 5 Agents as Extension of Human
- 6 Is Computer A Tool or an Agent?
- 7 Seeds of Transition from Institutionalized Computing to Personal Computing
- 8 The Transition is not Incremental, but Qualitatively Different Relationship
- 9 Intimate Computing Will Be Proactive Engine
- 10 What is Relevant is Finding Important Information
- 11 Integrate Information Key Ideas about Dynamic Linking
- 12 Feel of Interaction
- 13 Difference in Programming Models: COBOL vs. Object-Oriented
- 14 Objects to Components
- 15 Tools Change Very Slowly: Screwdriver
- 16 User Interface as the way to change the relationship
- 17 Lara uses Mac: Similarity among Applications
- 18 An example of Computer Agent: The Synthetic Performer
A concept video on the world with digital agents
The Wikipedia page of the movie. [1]. The novel is available on Project Gutenberg, etc. [2].
Introducing Alan Kay
Introduction
antediluvian: Before Flood, or the age before a big change happened.
The video of Knowledge Navigator is available. [3]. Alan Kay once mentioned that it would have been much stronger concept video if the assistant is portable, and carried with the person, and show the "third way" ("intimate" in "Going from institutional, personal, to intimate.") in this talk.
Tools. Extension of Human Beings
We use an incomplete list of slides we have so far.
Agents as Extension of Human
The book by Lewis Mumford is Technics and Civilization. [4].
Is Computer A Tool or an Agent?
The Whirlwind computer done at MIT Lincoln Labs had interactive code change and data examination. A programming experience on a later system inspired by this was described at the bottom of: [5]
The advice taker paper by McCarthy is here: [6].
MCC was a research consortium to complete against Japanese Fifth-Generation Computer Project. [7]. The Cyc project is going at Cycorp inc. [8].
The book is Building "Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project" by Lenat and R.V. Guha, published in 1990.
Seeds of Transition from Institutionalized Computing to Personal Computing
Doug Engelbart Institute website [9] has large collection of his group's work.
Core Rope Memory on Wikipedia [10].
The Transition is not Incremental, but Qualitatively Different Relationship
Intimate Computing Will Be Proactive Engine
What is Relevant is Finding Important Information
A Wikipedia page on path length: [11].
Integrate Information Key Ideas about Dynamic Linking
System 7 was a version of Mac OS. The linking feature was Publish and Subscribe [12].
Feel of Interaction
Standard Operating Procedure manuals.
Difference in Programming Models: COBOL vs. Object-Oriented
This project was for Brooklyn Union Gas. A paper titled "Object-oriented development at Brooklyn Union Gas" by John Davis and Tom Morgan exists.
Objects to Components
Lotus Jazz. [13].
Tools Change Very Slowly: Screwdriver
Alan was gesturing the way where his palm would be on the side of the handle.
Here, his palm is at the end of handle but only fingers are used to turn the handle.
User Interface as the way to change the relationship
Lara uses Mac: Similarity among Applications
Somebody presumably joked about wanting to buy a child, not a Mac.
The nickname of the Model T is Tin Lizzie, which is used to symbolize the VPRI's later work, including the domain name of this site.
Egghead Software [14].
Possibly by Susan Hamet. See. [15]
An example of Computer Agent: The Synthetic Performer
The work is called The Synthetic Performer by Barry Vercoe with Larry Beauregard. [16]
(Work at the ATARI Research. Not the one Alan describes but related work from ATARI Research can be seen here: [17]