Difference between revisions of "Starship Congress 2017: Alan Kay, "Preparations for Communicating with Aliens" (2017)"

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[Music]

this my friends

attendees of Starship Congress 2017

managers introduce to you Alan

[Applause]

Allen where are you where are you today

London in case you don't know

Alan Kay is one of the cofounders of the Xerox PARC

Research Centre it's world-famous in

founded in 1970 as a division

of Xerox Corporation Park has been in large

part responsible for us for such developments

things you may have heard of as laser printing

Ethernet the modern personal computer

graphical user interface and

and it goes on object oriented

programming right so Alan

did a amazing talk I'm I don't know if it

his TED talk or another one maybe one for Google and he

said he had this line he said if you want to be a millionaire

do something better than ever

something and do it better than other people but if you want to be a billionaire

do something that's never been done well

connected with me because I said oh that's like building

a starship and so I contacted Alan and by

the grace of good he's with us here today

Alan give you the floor

so that says if

you want to make a trillion matters start

a new industry this

is where silicon falls short they've forgotten

that that's what happened in seventies

and they're still working on the industry that was created

that right now both

to do the investment so create

a new industry so they're

basically stuck in just making millions and billions

but if they

had things you can't balance things but changing

the entire context

about if I can share

they try

Thomas

so

when I think of some tips

I accept -

inspired

snow if you will we

science

fiction story by rather common

foundation

under

yours right now so

there'll be fun to show a man

decided

years about

preparations for communications with but

turn the sound back because it's

okay so

and some of you will recognize

the man ornament

yourself

first our first to

actually just write the rest

of this map and that through it but then I realized

it would be a couple

fighters was and

I wasn't sure I could actually make

a good to talk about

some of the issues back

to negate with elegance and

first and here's with

this novella by

ratifying lenders first partnership

founded in 1941 so

I did not see that one it's just one year old in

1941

in

1950 tenure as layman for

10 cents you could get this

little slim paper that from

dad with the first

two stories in it I got that when

I was 11 and that just for the hell of it I'd

look to see whether inflation has been since then and still

Arquette would cost 94 cents today

and I think

most people in the room will have certainly

read this story for those

who haven't it's a

winner of the Flyers before Lord of

the Flies idea there's a mutiny I've heard

this generational stanchion and

the story is

a few hundred years after

this mutiny and they

and his Neolithic

when maybe bronze of each

civilization in this

stash that has sprung

up with ledger and

everything not to answer poverty

that has to tie and

nobody knows that there's not a ship

just think it's

this

story really fascinating [Music]

with my mind that got me

looking into that packaging says

energy because it was a glimpse

of human beings

as completely

malleable to new forms

culture and particularly that of the atomistic forms of

culture as we look back

and this time rocks that help

this enough resolution so you can see a theme here we

are at 2017

and it's interesting that in

1929 was only 88

years happy first

pound convinced evidence that our

universe was larger than the Milky Way found

were actually

galaxies when the quality of

evidence that is massive

so that was just eight

years ago Highland

stories but just twelve years after that

1931 and

of course they were going to prop the mass totally which

is I forget

something

that we now

know that it has planets you know know

but discussing it did

and the data is

supposed if

it's moons is 102

years thinking

about aliens

any

electromagnetic radiation except

tonight and I'm the

first commercial broadcast

station in the US was Katie Calgary

which worked over

20 seconds nineteen twenty three or twenty four

we

interesting lady until World War two

webinar and so forth

relativity we've had

100th anniversary that general

relativity I understand massive mechanics

but real quantum mechanics they

wouldn't happen until

about nineteen twenty five so it's less your

computer they were here

at London 2000 where

arguably the first usefully

programmed computer at said by

Maurice Wilkes was 1938

and so just

an idea that there's bath across the batboat

at mark recently the turret that

appear as we know that today we will instead that

the lifetime

accompli within my

lifetime and much of it has happened within

your lifetime and

this will span you back

together is just about fair ears

my mitochondria

DNA we've been on the planet

for humans have

been on the planet without 200,000 years

400 years is that what this one

the 200,000 years

we've been on the planet most of those 200,000 years

we haven't done and said

you're thinking about

aliens let

me just do it

okay so

to think about it just the idea

[Music]

contacting aliens taking

MSB through electromagnetic radiation

if you look to the right part

of that you'll see the name there

was one of the million dollars who

has lucid

perhaps

a metric indicating

over yourself distances distances

nobody knows whether the

is a propagation

velocity for a chemical net

looking at it there has to be another way of

looking at it doesn't have

to be the back to the arresting 100

idea here the city

of sanctions actually made

that are behind them

were done

it is on top first science

fiction so

that as as master that equals even

some of the assumptions that happen they

maybe

should agreement our

rigorous insight that is there was the

equation of the Jordan Foundation and the sixties

set up by this man

heartless inhabits

and wick are

two years after the set up the

funding agency like the

Jordan fanfiction do

what he called bad computer synthesis

you articulated this dirty

62 computers

were destined to become interactive intellectual amplifiers

for everyone in the world universally network worldwide

then no matter

what people ask them you just say this

and then say well we're

gonna hire find the smartest

and then

some of the principles at this jordan

foundation very important

visions and set of components

and Carnac and romantic from people

have projects that the people

and the best people

weren't

years of age

most people who are under research

and the problem with that is yet

so a nice sideline

to Arkham it's today

this this

in 1963 he

revered to the members and affiliates at the intergalactic

computer network that

you might ask that's what doing

this talk over and

we succeed in making intergalactic

Network that her main problem will be learning to communicate with

us

Internet and the internet

was here today because this man funded

the development for about 15 years

to do a variety of packet

switching biologically

organized networks and

who started getting something like

what Internet content in the mid seventies

specific ideas

first if

you say something enough for

instance if you stand to the entire Earth

you have people separating

in art and culture and distance

goals that

might be hard for the neck to

find common ground and communication

as

identifying things that people

think they have in common and the language is

a kind of a smart way pointing at things that

are in our thought Club so

Rick was three things it was to keep people

to people and of course local people

with how do organizations

of people communicate and

secondly he was thinking about how we

communicate with computers this was back in 60s

and weren't any you have Dewey's back

then

it was clear what was a high computers

cloud well you could see

appear in the insect if a computer was not anything

that he water to

be able to or could think about so computers were

really alien and certainly

you can either wear whatever you've got I've

seen so computers and you're going to have a lot of people this

is a communication and

finally we have this what

can computers say to each other the computers are different

all kinds of common

just added a fourth one here

which is

saying

baby society that that's the common ground how to get

the common ground and

so people the people

the language has the

pot being

specific trying to describe

something like an animal that has a mane and it

has hooves that eats grass and

so forth both people might

they're talking about aborts that

in fact one of them

could be talking about zebra that's

a joke at the medical

community extending that joke if

said that was interested I have to talk so

this doesn't even work out people are talking

to that to each other people

on computers and Jews

at the community park with

the idea of actually

taking a visual

reading whether is in the computer star

cloud and put it directly on the screen so

this is making a medical literal and

literally allow people to point

to what the precedent are to

indicate and this was such a powerful idea

that particular there

interface you

can deal with things a lot more powerful and dynamic than

words or sentences

future

always media

communication over other kinds with

a computer that help it

so really any communication

between two people with the computer and help them

be able to discuss

a tricky

structure press bridge

the blackest impossible normal

words and language

and these are us were paper

that you're interested to find this on the Internet

all the computers

as the person whose

computer search a head-start sister

that and I

we wanted mediate

communications between computers and people

with computing we

mediate Asians determinants

and people using computers and this

omething that is actually been left out almost entirely

science fiction literature

did you have communication between

computers and computers event

we have to that was common ground and we

did this for the internet bad

but you know connector a little embryo

DNA remember the Cambrian explosion

happened about half a million

years ago Banerjee

primarily meant from single

celled animals to metastatic body plants

and there was an enormous explosion of

species of many many different times

so

to make an internet you have to have a product plan

because percentage high using computers

as banners and talking them together to make a kind

of a larger entity

tcp/ip which is usually about twenty

thousand lines of C code but can be a

couple hundred lines of code language

math we need to put on every

machine and this one are

an internet that has temporarily announced

today and I

require any central control to keep it stable

so this was very much

side these machines but

the problem with getting computations to

act this way where

you have much stronger parents than just said

that packets are went up there's still a bit

of an axonal problem other parts of it that's all

that's relevant to the site you're

communicating with aliens so sick of simple case

you different

computers at different manufacturers with operating

systems of these three different operating systems

many

apps that we images

the star turns their pastors

and desktop shape Photoshop

so forth enemies eventually

want to be able to print out predator then

the right hand side we have many different printers

these printers also have different processors

that sometimes will have a certain

operating system that often die

their network so

they're going to have VIP personality

code there I think we can see that

there are so many degrees of freedom you

might want to put on a page that

try to have

a printer understand a description

of every single one

of these is m2

I've got that description

in the worldís system

not a great idea sending a sending

a topical is actually about where you do this

and we realize this the

first time around it

o

a predator really wanted

to do with us to think about that

we do when we have to communicate complicated

things on range with vetoes when said no perhaps

and send an ambassador who sent

a person who could negotiate meaning and

can carry the determining

an ambassador a

process the process

can be represented by terror that has to be executed that

the other

deepened pioneer

for every single one of these Thanks

instead

meant a little nether little piece of compatibility

code here and that compatibility

code grant a virtual processing

unit out of software and the

whole thing together makes virtual machine

that virtual machine that can

handle the processes that are being sent to it and we

can do that for enemies

machines the

standard virtual machines at the back of the virtual

machine can just be said those software and

then we

produce compatible

kinds of processes that are

programs and I will

send up red and

the reason this works out better than trying to send

the destructors like XML is

that you can make a universal

programming language

they're very very small description

and because it's universal have

to change the very function so you get the spec

where you have nice balance between

that has to

be now on the left-hand side which

was something that

has to be bad and resolution-independent parents

the screens are different resolutions

vendors are all different resolutions you

basically on the left-hand side do not want to have to know where printer

so that standeth

when he process steps to the planter and

it can find out what the printer is and then

it can do the dynamic math to

do the scale and so forth okay

so that's an example

that thing

that said the ambassador was

another one

so we go back

to

the classic

dos language of 1960s

where he's he's excused

because computers were dressed as a man in the 1960

letters that

he bootstrapping up from

a few centons of the starting with

things that if

creatures who could do

anything will find out that members there's

a few years ago

longer than

suspect takes into account meant

with the things that happened since then cuz

the fact that still is basically

send an object diagrams

you know instead of thinking

about hey we should just send a computer that's

the number one thing we should boot strap that's the other

event so don't want to do that

now just to give you an example

and let's take a couple

of these situations

to send a process and you have an imperative

none of them is in the process when the Deepak's

to the web today so if we

go back into

the seventies there were three

during those computers -

yeah I'll tell which

was 1973

it was the thing that eventually became

Macintosh but the

first computer and

the second

and then a computer towards the

end of the 70s North the Dorado

and

now

software that Steve Jobs a

and visited 1979 got

thrown away by Xerox they

threw away the dispatch and

one of the stats was

retrieved and

I

file was found that

was pretty much the small talk that

that Steve Jobs at seeing that

about 40 years ago

this file is organized in an interesting

way the system

itself this is real object-oriented

programming so there's like an internet a vendor

connecting you know communicating virtual computers

and every

my entire system is on this file including calling

it operating system and utilities the

deployment system and everything was on this

single file and the run on

these three machines and

some of the other machines it hadn't been to

a processing unit of they're just mentioned and

Frances Tanana the note-taker

the only care the men take

a Batman the

viewer the BPU and all the rest a slant

pocket there's none of these for the altar and one

of these for the driver and so when you

run a system that comes to you off

a final set Tina was Iowa

talked about personality could and

you'd be off and running doing identical

NOx emissions

today if

we wanted ran the

system today

what

we had to do was to get that fire and

put it on modern laptop and write

a new piece of personality these are machines

aren't allowed in or get the hot to run the BP

and then I would manifest this specific

on the past that that I had just

such a thing

let me see if I can get

it to come up here the here it is

this the system

that's what I

will here's

what Steve Jobs saw was

the overlapping windows that

tech said it is

multi programming browser

this system had a characteristic

Naza like

that etc etc so

this entire system is

running

as it did that there and with the

actual same same bits

they took that back

here okay Sam so get

he idea so that's how we'll send a processor that's

so now now it's sticking with the good about

sending snare talk there's

some other processes in the future

and here

we have to take

into account that nobody the tyranny

of the stuff works and

so the question is how it's my piece

of personality would you describe

but here's a campaign you haven't taught me to

clarify see it but this is a one-page

document the despair very

simple computer so simple that anybody

today faculty students anybody

can make a plan in an afternoon you

some see your job or any programming

language without

you know their afternoons

these guys these

guys then again they ran

the entire system of brilliant what

the past is

actually unrideable because

it's been detached a bit socket system

from your system rather than anything like

that just self it here is how send

archives in future

so I have

some little description there that this

thing this

process here just the question it assumes

that maybe see monkey around as I've

said you said that something like English Ruby

maybe maybe not who knows what

will happen so we should really think about

a deeper

place and again we might

is there maybe mark

pesky ones here's a truly great book it's

worthwhile turning just because of is a great

book we're in the master plan that said

that any plan for math it's a wonderful

book and that it does not require muted no any particular

math because

this a well written but it

requires a bit of a mathematical Turner by

that this is not a subject that has

not really been talked about matching

computed and since the sixties but

it's all about how can we make

various kinds of universal

computing machines here is a

relatively smash the Turing machine

possible make them a lot smarter than this

Shannon or challenger make

them it just has two states

that we're

addressing whether Minsky talks about

some minimal computers you can bet for instance

years man that only has three instructions

that manages a memory

word or register subtract

them from some Network register

take a chocolate if the register is 0 or

do some new program location call

Q and you can see I

think that this could be made into two instructions because

they're the last could be subtract that

from just where advantage to cute perhaps

the results the circles so it can make something very

very small on the operation

result there

are many many schemes

represented when a computer memory

this is a good ole ization scheme so

if you make a computer memory

IO prime numbers then the

value of each is exponent

so the sort of dependence

to the location

I preserve on the computer and n

would be that

three

the next location in the computer and

and the exponent of M is the value

and that word and so forth so the

many different ways of getting a computer

directly at arithmetic without having

to go to gates and decide

something will it not okay

and I think something like the habits

required because I

think what

we want to do to send something

to aliens is to send them something like that smells

on fire and make fun of it be

the simplest quickest

boot to something

that we want the vpu

that's the tool and the rest of the system in that

system should be now cost

an artificial general intelligence

that can potentiate with

the elements

so we looked at the top three books they

recommend there's a paper that wish Atlantic

that he probably rented out which is

about testing

encoding scheme

and unsuspecting humans to see if

they can recognize that there are not words

that they're equal science maybe erasure

lectrons

protons other

kinds of pure number constants

that might be there psychotherapy

can look right this is the

most comprehensive zero

artificial intelligence on the planet

the one that has the most

humans live can reason

out that we do and then

in our Fitzpatrick was at MIT

did he started

at thinking about sending programs

just

sentences of watchin

that case is rather

goal is to get the earnings one

of those things to build a matter whether we should

expect get

have to figure this

out

but without better

but for the same

reason that scheme worked there with printers this

is this gets you a lot further

a lot faster

and if we have an encounter with

the audience and recent was

a

story from Hank

and the

problem with this is that just assume civilians

are really they're not like this I mean they had chemicals

but they make noises that made Marxist

and said I

think fiction writers

time for the evidence because they want the

readers to be able to have something

in the shared context so it ended

up the earth that's whether human or even this

raised for either a sentient

GB alien

could be a friend that could

be made out of radiation and could send for my

exhaust both of which going

much much too fast for our nervous

so it's just

impossible that to

be able to generally handle that Landon's

might might be about that we could do it with their own very

very little nervous systems and we're

that better than that rather than either so

I think of all such communications

whether we counted aliens on

a starship are also going to be mediated by computers

and we have huge and

with machines

then sending

things in the future all instance and

the require computer mediation

so we've come back to that guy

first thing after this week guys and

also after having seen some other science

fiction since 1949 Vanguard

is self-sustaining

so it must have it has something

about thousands

of small girls that have to be paid attention

has to be sensed has to be fixed in Arabic

work for hundreds and hundreds of years but

in fact it has a manifest their intelligence

at the tone Vanguard the

ship has no idea that there is a

mutiny and

semi-realistic savages living

on board

in 2009 there was they

are on the on the

ship how did that go -

humans complete the mission that have been told

mission was an important said I

was able to figure out that a mission

that got better we killed all the humans on board to

try to and

of course sister was against

the guy who was ransom and in science fiction about

where that

universe Isaac Asimov and

so he was ignored

2009 then

another story that was written back in

1945 had Bates that

the movie the gave us

and we find out that spells

to protect human civilizations from humans

but the key word here

is civilizations that is

quite capable and does that the humans are

that civilizations it's basically

a Supercop in

the in the movie now if your

entity which is darker

than that

answer

that has is this line you

misunderstood I said

I am the master so

what happened was that the humans

actually not it accredited

they were actually part of the scheme

match mattress it wasn't even that's a robot

so

I asked you here just to pick this

three ideas

here

I

go

so

they're smart people back

through 20,000 years that they had nothing to pick

with Iran cannot

design a nation a single engine for

any of his miracles with his every thought it

was not nearly as smart as Leonardo

was easily able to build engines and

bells a lot of cars every

was just down into the 19th century that

century had the knowledge and the

knowledge came because context

person dude

and the head of science at modern

engineering and by science so

the big deal

here is that a change

in the context changes

the

kinds of things we can eat makeup so

you think acknowledges cellular

context as goal and IQ it

was pretty much without you

yes people who

often wind up not learning

enough to be able to use

abilities in a constant way

and this happens for all kinds

of banking organizations so here's I

found the climate standing a little over

two and a half billion years ago

rganization

of that statement

assets very long time

and multiple body plan secondly

got invented probably

gradually along with but not in a way to

have a critical mass that lets the Cambrian

happen there's an explosion of that city

nervous systems that have been to Berea

the Cambrian and they've been

extension said we go back to our diagram

stand back with

for me that

became a scientist a fan

of science fiction basket and

propriety of

reasons

the curve

knowledge and outlet

over the last two hundred thousand

years it again has this incredible

to the once a couple of could have been

assets happened Greeks

didn't quite make me happen that we needed

the Greeks to do the Renaissance and

finally without a structure and

all of a sudden because look at human beings

as being creatures that

were primarily mutation all a

progression to culture

nature

still took off

practically when another

workable language within cultures

that embedded maybe sixty eighty thousand years ago

self-conscious event to people

recently and

self-conscious mummification and improvement

of the things that had a chance

used to do to Gina

and this is setting to think

about our story

going back to vampire we

have to compare with just

mission have been improved

society expanded

by the the speck but that

I'm barely been back in the forties the

part of an idea that Rothberg had in Star

Trek was that should be able to fix an achromatic

behavior to be able to pour out of crises

this is more interesting

point stories because they had some serious

policies that had to be done they weren't always

successful today

not that

wrote that story we

now have crystal and crystal

is allowing us to consciously

by the desire to

modify our genetic

materials even in

the face and neck

most American material actually works we

only understand that the

team making part which is a tiny part at

the actual DNA that's actually there

and said as

we can circle here we

will wind up being the aliens because

we will fix ourselves and maybe

maybe badly but

I think that the time that we can fire

off at the hangar to Proxima Centuri than

a hundred years and we were wound

up doing some serious behavior modifications

that

our only that communicate what

will we be as a species when

we take Old Earth our own evolution

thank

you very much and here's my

address if you have to an email

[Music]

check all right

we're Thank You Alan now that was amazing as definitely

high points of this amazing conference where

are you willing to take some questions

mark

yeah well we're gonna just work gonna make adjustments I

appreciate it so are there other questions

this is a question that

maybe just due to the semantics used but

if you are sending a essentially

an executable file to somebody else that

run and then it's going to upload your ambassador

AI how do you protect from malware

and at getting out of the the virtual machine

that it builds yeah

so basically this is done

with PostScript though okay the

PostScript was

to put it in a confined address

space these are a

man in general the doctor a good job policy to use but the

things that are called processes are tasks

on your personal

computer are buying the best doses

so the theory

is that they are spent over later

was to

execute

completely

Samantha would just point out that

was a that was openly about it better

not year was the theme the

program did not touch thanks anything of matter that

it

could execute to the full extent of its ability

job

providing an app at this basis

whenever that was a

60s

wouldn't that be nice to that pick

ha hi

Ellen thanks for the presentation I wanted to ask

Licklider is ARPA dream

and how far away you think we are from this or

have we crossed that point already with the Internet thank

you

I

just wanted to ask about Licklider

z-- her dream and weather and

weather how far away we are from this

reality or have we crossed the threshold already

happened

on

the way to their banner

this

kills

that funding

surgeon

there was

a massive effort to at

least finish off the words Mohinder betadine

inventions of that

type ng

molarity Engelbart

very

good 1968

which is 50 years of next year

and we'll see a bunch of families that have

done that and

the reason is is what happened as the

surface art Sparkle sets

[Music]

another question

okay

Alan I think one

more Phil come on over here

and thank

you for your presentation a quick question on what

your thoughts were with regards to moral code

building with artificial intelligence in future yeah

yeah the

biggest problem it is AI

veterans because

consistently show that people

will follow nowise

and so

now really eat up the oai for it to be dangerous

just need something that people will fire

because a team say janitors

Anthony this

Minister was

so these are either and being

society the chip even though we're

living than right now right in the middle of

it the

thing that was interesting to

me about

universe

that

defines our just wasn't

someone's a little bit

there the shorted with

the Three Laws of Robotics in

robotics the Jimenez

Santa Isaac are stories were

about loopholes there

were not anticipate where the robots gone after

thanking various entities

and

so he had our appreciation

our tracking systems

there are two feet that be

and service

there were partly about their

43050 you're doing when

you sent our principles that you have recommended

mechanisms for us

we

were very careful what we did with the consumer

Internet as the

existing the fastest to pass

on the message

true and with about ten billion dollars

think about that

that dioxin and

we transmission that the way is

by each individual family

certainly for the information that they're able to gather

facts and

is not easy to do it took the popular passes

the first version of did

not have the amethyst Mystics meaning

still about that I sit

through the Harrison and

that either evalu

about systems that your authority about systems

understand an existence

decades

o

all these ideas a

cautionary that first I think the

simplest facility was the

Norfolk bankers and alcohol most

of Europe evil perhaps honor

the system and

[Music]

all right any other questions

Alan I very much appreciate

of Icarus interstellar and stars of Congress thank

you very much Alan Kay

signing off

Difference between revisions of "Starship Congress 2017: Alan Kay, "Preparations for Communicating with Aliens" (2017)"

Latest revision as of 00:30, 7 December 2017

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@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 |id=2wW89RHf4D4
 |alignment=left
-|autoresize=false
+|autoresize=true
 }}
+<subtitle id="0:0:6">[Music]</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:9"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:15">this my friends</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:18"> attendees of Starship  Congress 2017</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:21"> managers introduce to you  Alan</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:24">[Applause]</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:27"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:30">Allen where are you where are you today</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:36">London in case you don't know</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:39"> Alan Kay  is one of the cofounders of the Xerox  PARC</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:42"> Research Centre it's world-famous  in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:45"> founded in 1970 as a division</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:48"> of  Xerox Corporation Park has been in large</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:51">part responsible for us for such  developments</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:54"> things you may have heard  of as laser printing</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:0:57"> Ethernet the modern  personal computer</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:0"> graphical user  interface and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:3"> and it goes on object  oriented</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:6"> programming right so Alan</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:9"> did a  amazing talk I'm I don't know if it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:12">his TED talk or another one maybe one  for Google and he</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:15"> said he had this line  he said if you want to be a millionaire</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:18">  do something better than ever</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:21">something and do it better than other  people but if you want to be a  billionaire</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:24"> do something that's never  been done well</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:27">connected with me because I said oh  that's like building</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:30"> a starship and so I  contacted Alan and by</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:33"> the grace of good  he's with us here today</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:36"> Alan give you  the floor</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:39"> so that says if</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:42"> you want to  make a trillion matters start</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:45"> a new  industry this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:48"> is where silicon falls  short they've forgotten</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:51"> that that's what  happened in seventies</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:54"> and they're still  working on the industry that was created</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:1:57">  that right now both</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:0"> to do the investment  so create</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:3"> a new industry so they're</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:6">basically stuck in just making millions  and billions</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:9"> but if they</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:12"> had things you  can't balance things but changing</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:15"> the  entire context</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:18"> about if I can share</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:33">they try</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:36"> Thomas</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:39"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:42"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:45"> so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:48"> when I think of some  tips</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:51"> I accept  -</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:54"> inspired</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:2:57"> snow if you will we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:3">science</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:6"> fiction story by rather common</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:9">foundation</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:12"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:15"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:18"> under</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:21"> yours right now so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:24">  there'll be fun to show a man</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:27"> decided</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:30">  years about</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:33"> preparations for  communications with but</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:36"> turn the sound  back because it's</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:39"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:42"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:45"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:48"> okay so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:51"> and some of  you will recognize</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:54"> the man ornament</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:3:57">yourself</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:0"> first our first to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:3"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:6"> actually  just write the rest</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:9"> of this map and that  through it but then I realized</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:12"> it would  be a couple</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:15"> fighters was and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:18"> I wasn't  sure I could actually make</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:21"> a good to  talk about</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:24"> some of the issues  back</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:27"> to negate with elegance and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:30"> first  and here's with</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:33"> this novella by</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:36">  ratifying lenders first partnership</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:39">founded in 1941  so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:42"> I did not see that one it's just one  year old in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:45"> 1941</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:48"> in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:51"> 1950 tenure as  layman for</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:54"> 10 cents you could get this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:4:57">  little slim paper that from</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:0"> dad with the  first</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:3"> two stories in it I got that when</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:6">  I was 11 and that just for the hell of  it I'd</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:9"> look to see whether inflation has  been since then and still</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:12"> Arquette would  cost 94 cents today</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:15"> and I think</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:18"> most  people in the room will have certainly</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:21">  read this story for those</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:24"> who haven't  it's a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:27"> winner of the Flyers before Lord  of</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:30"> the Flies idea there's a mutiny I've  heard</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:33"> this generational stanchion and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:36">  the story is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:39"> a few hundred years after</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:42">  this mutiny and they</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:45"> and his Neolithic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:48">  when maybe bronze of each</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:51"> civilization  in this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:54"> stash that has sprung</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:5:57"> up with  ledger and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:0"> everything not to answer  poverty</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:3"> that has to tie and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:6"> nobody knows  that there's not a ship</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:9"> just think it's</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:12">this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:15"> story really fascinating  [Music]</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:18">  with my mind that got me</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:21"> looking into  that packaging says</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:24"> energy because it  was a glimpse</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:27"> of human beings</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:30"> as  completely</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:33"> malleable to new forms</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:36">culture and particularly that of the  atomistic forms of</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:39"> culture as we look  back</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:42"> and this time rocks that help</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:45"> this  enough resolution so you can see a theme  here we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:48"> are at 2017</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:51"> and it's interesting  that in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:54"> 1929 was only 88</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:6:57"> years happy  first</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:0"> pound convinced evidence that our</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:3">universe was larger than the Milky Way  found</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:6"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:9"> were actually</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:12"> galaxies when the  quality of</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:15"> evidence that is massive</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:18"> so  that was just eight</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:21"> years ago Highland</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:24">  stories but just twelve years after that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:27">  1931 and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:30"> of course they were going to  prop the mass totally which</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:33"> is I forget</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:36">something</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:39"> that we now</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:42"> know that it has  planets you know know</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:45"> but discussing it  did</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:48"> and the data is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:51"> supposed if</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:54"> it's  moons is 102</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:7:57"> years thinking</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:0"> about aliens</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:3">any</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:6"> electromagnetic radiation except</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:9">  tonight and I'm the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:12"> first commercial  broadcast</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:15"> station in the US was Katie  Calgary</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:18"> which worked over</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:21"> 20 seconds  nineteen twenty three or twenty four</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:24"> we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:27">  interesting lady until World War two</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:30">  webinar and so forth</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:33"> relativity we've  had</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:36"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:39"> 100th anniversary that general</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:42">relativity  I understand massive mechanics</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:45"> but real  quantum mechanics they</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:48"> wouldn't happen  until</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:51"> about nineteen twenty five so it's  less your</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:54"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:8:57"> computer they were here</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:0"> at  London 2000 where</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:3"> arguably the first  usefully</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:6"> programmed computer at said by</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:9">  Maurice Wilkes was 1938</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:12"> and so just</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:15"> an  idea that there's bath across the  batboat</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:18"> at mark recently the turret that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:21">  appear as we know that today we will  instead that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:24"> the lifetime</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:27"> accompli  within my</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:30"> lifetime and much of it has  happened within</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:33"> your lifetime and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:36"> this  will span you back</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:39"> together is just  about fair ears</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:42"> my mitochondria</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:45"> DNA  we've been on the planet</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:48"> for humans have</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:51">  been on the planet without 200,000 years</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:54">  400 years is that what this one</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:9:57">  the 200,000 years</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:0"> we've been on the  planet most of those 200,000 years</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:3"> we  haven't done and said</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:6"> you're thinking  about</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:9"> aliens let</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:12"> me just do it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:15"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:18"> okay so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:21">  to think about it just the idea</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:24">  [Music]</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:27">  contacting aliens taking</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:30"> MSB through  electromagnetic radiation</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:33"> if you look to  the right part</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:36"> of that you'll see the  name there</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:39"> was one of the million  dollars who</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:42"> has lucid</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:45">perhaps</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:48"> a metric indicating</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:51"> over  yourself distances distances</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:54"> nobody  knows whether the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:10:57"> is a propagation</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:0">  velocity for a chemical net</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:3"> looking at  it there has to be another way of</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:6">  looking at it doesn't have</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:9"> to be the  back to the arresting 100</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:12"> idea here the  city</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:15"> of sanctions actually made</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:18"> that are  behind them</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:21"> were done</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:24"> it is on top first  science</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:27"> fiction so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:30"> that as as master  that equals even</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:33"> some of the assumptions  that happen they</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:36"> maybe</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:39"> should agreement  our</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:42"> rigorous insight that is there was  the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:45"> equation of the Jordan Foundation  and the  sixties</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:48"> set up by this man</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:51">  heartless inhabits</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:54"> and wick are</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:11:57"> two  years after the set up the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:0"> funding  agency like the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:3"> Jordan fanfiction do</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:6">  what he called bad computer synthesis</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:9">  you articulated this dirty</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:12"> 62 computers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:15">were destined to become interactive  intellectual amplifiers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:18"> for everyone in  the world universally network worldwide</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:21">  then no matter</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:24"> what people ask them you  just say this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:27"> and then say well we're</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:30">  gonna hire find the smartest</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:33"> and then</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:36">  some of the principles at this jordan</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:39">  foundation very important</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:42"> visions and  set of components</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:45"> and Carnac and  romantic from people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:48"> have projects that  the people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:51"> and the best people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:54"> weren't</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:12:57">  years of age</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:0"> most people who are under  research</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:3"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:6"> and the problem with that is  yet</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:9"> so a nice sideline</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:12"> to Arkham it's  today</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:15"> this this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:18"> in 1963 he</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:21"> revered to  the members and affiliates at the  intergalactic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:24"> computer network that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:27"> you might ask  that's what doing</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:30"> this talk over and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:33">  we succeed in making intergalactic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:36">Network that her main problem will be  learning to communicate with</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:39"> us</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:42"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:45">Internet  and the internet</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:48"> was here today because  this man funded</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:51"> the development for  about 15 years</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:54"> to do a variety of packet</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:13:57">  switching biologically</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:0"> organized  networks and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:3"> who started getting  something like</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:6"> what Internet content in  the mid seventies</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:9"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:12"> specific ideas</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:15"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:18"> first  if</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:21"> you say something enough for</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:24"> instance  if you stand to the entire Earth</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:27">  you have people separating</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:30"> in art and  culture and distance</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:33"> goals that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:36"> might be  hard for the neck to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:39"> find common ground  and communication</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:42"> as</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:45"> identifying things  that people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:48"> think they have in common  and the language is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:51"> a kind of a smart  way pointing at things that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:54"> are in our  thought Club so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:14:57"> Rick was three things it  was to keep people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:0"> to people and of  course local people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:3"> with how do  organizations</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:6"> of people communicate and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:9">  secondly he was thinking about how we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:12">communicate with computers this was back  in 60s</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:15"> and weren't any you have Dewey's  back</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:18"> then</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:21"> it was clear what was a high  computers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:24"> cloud well you could see</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:27">appear in the insect if a computer was  not anything</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:30"> that he  water to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:33"> be able to or could think about  so computers were</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:36"> really alien and  certainly</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:39"> you can either wear whatever  you've got I've</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:42"> seen so computers and  you're going to have a lot of people  this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:45"> is a communication and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:48"> finally we  have this what</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:51"> can computers say to each  other the computers are different</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:54"> all  kinds of common</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:15:57"> just added a fourth one  here</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:0"> which is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:3"> saying</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:6"> baby society that  that's the common ground how to get</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:9"> the  common ground and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:12"> so people the people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:15">  the language has the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:18"> pot being</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:21"> specific  trying to describe</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:24"> something like an  animal that has a mane and it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:27"> has hooves  that eats grass and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:30"> so forth both people  might</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:33"> they're talking about aborts that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:36">  in fact one of them</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:39"> could be talking  about zebra that's</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:16:42"> a joke at the medical</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:17:24"> indicate and this was such a  powerful idea</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:17:30">  interface you</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:17:36"> words or  sentences</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:17:39"> future</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:17:42"> always media</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:17:45">  communication over other kinds with</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:17:48"> a  computer that help it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:17:51"> so really any  communication</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:17:54"> between two people with  the computer and help them</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:17:57"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:0"> be able to  discuss</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:3"> a tricky</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:18:9">  the blackest impossible normal</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:18:15"> and these are us were paper</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:18">  that you're interested to find this on  the Internet</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:21">  all the computers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:24"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:27"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:30"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:33"> as the person whose</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:18:39"> that  and I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:42"> we wanted mediate</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:45"> communications  between computers and people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:48"> with  computing we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:51"> mediate Asians determinants</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:54">  and people using computers and this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:18:57">omething that is actually been left out  almost entirely</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:0"> science fiction  literature</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:3"> did you have communication  between</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:6"> computers and computers event</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:9"> we  have to that was common ground and we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:12">  did this for the internet bad</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:15"> but you  know connector a little embryo</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:18"> DNA  remember the Cambrian explosion</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:21"> happened  about half a million</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:24"> years ago  Banerjee</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:27"> primarily meant from single</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:30">  celled animals to metastatic body plants</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:33">  and there was an enormous explosion of</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:36">  species of many many different times</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:39"> so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:42">  to make an internet you have to have a  product plan</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:45"> because percentage high  using computers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:48"> as banners and talking  them together to make a kind</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:51"> of a larger  entity</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:54"> tcp/ip which is usually about  twenty</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:19:57"> thousand lines of C code but can  be a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:0"> couple hundred lines of code  language</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:3"> math we need to put on every</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:6">  machine and this one are</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:9">an internet that has temporarily  announced</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:12"> today and I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:15"> require any  central control to keep it stable</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:18"> so  this was very much</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:21"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:24"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:27"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:30"> side these machines  but</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:33"> the problem with getting  computations to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:36"> act this way where</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:39"> you  have much stronger parents than just  said</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:42"> that packets are went up there's  still a bit</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:45"> of an axonal problem other  parts of it that's all</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:48"> that's relevant  to the site you're</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:20:54"> you  different</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:20:57"> computers at different  manufacturers with operating</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:0"> systems of  these three different operating systems</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:3">  many</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:6">apps that we images</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:9"> the star turns their  pastors</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:12"> and desktop shape Photoshop</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:15">so forth  enemies eventually</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:18"> want to be able to  print out predator then</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:21"> the right hand  side we have many different printers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:24">these printers also have different  processors</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:21:27"> that sometimes will have a  certain</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:21:54"> of every single  one</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:22:6"> not a  great idea sending a sending</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:22:9"> a topical  is actually about where you do this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:22:12"> and  we realize this the</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:22:33"> and send an ambassador who sent</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:23:12"> meant  a little nether little piece of  compatibility</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:23:15"> code here and that  compatibility</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:23:18"> code grant a virtual  processing</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:23:21"> unit out of software and the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:23:24">  whole thing together makes virtual  machine</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:23:27"> that virtual machine that can</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:24:12"> they're very very  small description</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:24:18"> to change the very  function so you get the spec</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:21"> where you  have nice balance between</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:24"> that has to</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:24:30"> was  something that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:33"> has to be bad and  resolution-independent parents</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:36"> the  screens are different resolutions</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:39">vendors are all different resolutions  you</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:42"> basically on the left-hand side do  not want to have to know where printer</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:45">  so that standeth</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:24:51"> it can find out what  the printer is and then</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:54"> it can do the  dynamic math to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:24:57"> do the scale and so  forth okay</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:25:3"> that  thing</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:6"> that said the ambassador was</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:9">  another one</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:12"></subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:25:18"> to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:21"> the classic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:24">  dos language of 1960s</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:27"> where he's he's  excused</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:30"> because computers were dressed  as a man in the 1960</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:33"> letters that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:36"></subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:25:51"> anything will find out that members  there's</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:54"> a few years ago</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:25:57"> longer than</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:0">  suspect takes into account meant</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:3"> with  the things that happened since then cuz</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:6">  the fact that still is basically</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:9"> send an  object diagrams</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:12"> you know instead of  thinking</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:15"> about hey we should just send a  computer that's</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:18"> the number one thing we  should boot strap that's the other</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:21"> event  so don't want to do that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:24"> now just to  give you an example</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:27"> and let's take a  couple</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:30"> of these situations</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:33">to send a process and you have an  imperative</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:36"> none of them is in the  process when the Deepak's</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:39"> to the web  today so if we</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:26:48">  during those computers -</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:51"> yeah I'll tell  which</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:26:54"> was 1973</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:27:15"> and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:18"> now</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:21"> software that  Steve Jobs a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:24"> and visited 1979 got</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:27"> thrown  away by Xerox they</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:30"> threw away the  dispatch and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:33"> one of the stats was</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:27:39"> I</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:27:51"> about 40 years  ago</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:54">  this file is organized in an interesting</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:27:57">  way the system</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:28:3"> programming so there's  like an internet a vendor</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:28:6">connecting you know communicating  virtual computers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:28:9"> and every</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:28:12">my entire system is on this file  including calling</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:28:36">  the only care the men take</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:28:42">  viewer the BPU and all the rest a slant</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:28:45">pocket there's none of these for the  altar and one</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:28:48"> of these for the driver  and so when you</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:29:0"> you'd  be off and running doing identical</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:3"> NOx  emissions</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:6"> today if</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:29:15"> what</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:29:30">  and then I would manifest this specific</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:33">  on the past that that I had just</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:36"> such a  thing</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:39"> let me see if I can get</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:42"> it to come  up here the here it is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:45"> this the system</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:48">  that's what I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:29:51"> will here's</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:29:57"> the overlapping windows  that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:30:0"> tech said it is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:30:3"> multi programming  browser</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:30:9">  Naza like</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:30:12"> that etc etc so</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:30:18"> running</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:30:30"> here okay Sam so get</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:30:33">he idea so that's how we'll send a  processor that's</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:30:39"> sending  snare talk there's</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:31:15"> today  faculty students anybody</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:31:18"> can make a plan  in an afternoon you</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:32:0">  so I have</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:32:6"> thing this</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:32:12"> that maybe see  monkey around as I've</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:32:18"> maybe maybe  not who knows what</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:32:21"> will happen so we  should really think about</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:32:24"> a deeper</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:32:33">is there maybe mark</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:32:36"> pesky ones here's a  truly great book it's</subtitle>
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+<subtitle id="0:32:54"> this a well  written but it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:32:57"> requires a bit of a  mathematical Turner by</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:0"> that this is not  a subject that has</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:3"> not really been  talked about matching</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:6"> computed and since  the sixties but</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:9"> it's all about how can  we make</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:12"> various kinds of universal</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:15">  computing machines here is a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:18"> relatively  smash the Turing machine</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:21"> possible make  them a lot smarter than this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:24"> Shannon or  challenger make</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:27"> them it just has two  states</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:30"> that we're</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:33"> addressing whether  Minsky talks about</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:36"> some minimal  computers you can bet for instance</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:39"> years  man that only has three instructions</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:42">  that manages a memory</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:45"> word or register  subtract</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:48"> them from some Network register</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:51">  take a chocolate if the register is 0 or</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:54">  do some new program location call</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:33:57"> Q and  you can see I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:0"> think that this could be  made into two instructions because</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:3">  they're the last could be subtract that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:6">from just where advantage to cute  perhaps</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:9"> the results the circles so it  can make something very</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:12"> very small on  the operation</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:15"> result there</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:18"> are many many  schemes</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:21"> represented when a computer  memory</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:24"> this is a good ole ization scheme  so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:27"> if you make a computer memory</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:30"> IO  prime numbers then the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:33"> value of each  is exponent</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:36"> so the sort of dependence</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:39"> to  the location</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:42"> I preserve on the computer  and n</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:45"> would be that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:48"> three</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:51"> the next  location in the computer and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:54"> and the  exponent of M is the value</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:34:57"> and that word  and so forth so the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:0"> many different ways  of getting a computer</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:3"> directly at  arithmetic without having</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:6"> to go to gates  and decide</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:9"> something will it not okay</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:12">  and I think something like the habits</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:15">  required because I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:18"> think what</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:21"> we want to  do to send something</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:24"> to aliens is to  send them something like that smells</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:27"> on  fire and make fun of it be</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:30"> the simplest  quickest</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:33"> boot to something</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:36"> that we want  the vpu</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:39"> that's the tool and the rest of  the system in that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:42"> system should be now  cost</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:45"> an artificial general intelligence</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:48">  that can potentiate with</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:51"> the elements</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:54"> so  we looked at the top three books they</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:35:57">  recommend there's a paper that wish  Atlantic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:0"> that he probably rented out  which is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:3"> about testing</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:6"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:9"> encoding scheme</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:12">  and unsuspecting humans to see if</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:15"> they  can recognize that there are not words</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:18">  that they're equal science maybe erasure</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:21">lectrons</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:24"> protons other</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:27"> kinds of pure  number constants</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:30"> that might be there  psychotherapy</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:33"> can look right this is the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:36">  most comprehensive zero</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:39">  artificial intelligence on the planet</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:42">  the one that has the most</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:45"> humans live  can reason</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:48"> out that we do and then</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:51"> in  our Fitzpatrick was at MIT</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:54"> did he  started</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:36:57"> at thinking about sending  programs</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:0"> just</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:3"> sentences of watchin</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:6"> that  case is rather</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:9"> goal is to get the  earnings one</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:12"> of those things to build a  matter whether we should</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:15"> expect get</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:18"> have  to figure this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:21"> out</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:24"> but without better</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:27">but for the same</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:30"> reason that scheme  worked there with printers this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:33"> is this  gets you a lot further</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:36"> a lot faster</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:39"> and  if we have an encounter with</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:42"> the  audience and recent was</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:45"> a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:48"> story from  Hank</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:51"> and the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:54"> problem with this is that  just assume civilians</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:37:57"> are really they're  not like this I mean they had chemicals</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:0">  but they make noises that made Marxist</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:3">  and said I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:6"> think fiction writers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:9"> time  for the evidence because they want the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:12">  readers to be able to have something</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:15"> in  the shared context so it ended</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:18"> up the  earth that's whether human or even this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:21">raised  for either a sentient</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:24"> GB alien</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:27"> could be  a friend that could</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:30"> be made out of  radiation and could send for my</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:33"> exhaust  both of which going</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:36"> much much too fast  for our nervous</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:39"> so it's just</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:42"> impossible  that to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:45"> be able to generally handle that  Landon's</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:48"> might might be about that we  could do it with their own very</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:51"> very  little nervous systems and we're</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:54">that better than that rather than either  so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:38:57"> I think of all such communications</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:0">  whether we counted aliens on</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:3"> a starship  are also going to be mediated by  computers</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:6"> and we have huge and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:9"> with  machines</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:12"> then sending</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:15"> things in the  future all instance and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:18"> the require  computer mediation</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:21"> so we've come back to  that guy</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:24"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:27"> first thing after this week  guys and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:30"> also after having seen some  other science</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:33"> fiction since 1949  Vanguard</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:36"> is self-sustaining</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:39"> so it must  have it has something</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:42"> about thousands</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:45"> of  small girls that have to be paid  attention</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:48"> has to be sensed has to be  fixed in Arabic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:51"> work for hundreds and  hundreds of years but</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:54"> in fact it has a  manifest their intelligence</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:39:57"> at the tone  Vanguard the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:0"> ship has no idea that there  is a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:3"> mutiny and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:6"> semi-realistic savages  living</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:9"> on board</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:12"> in 2009 there was they</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:15">  are on the on the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:18"> ship how did that go -</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:21">  humans complete the mission that have  been told</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:24">  mission was an important said I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:27"> was able  to figure out that a mission</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:30"> that got  better we killed all the humans on board  to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:33"> try to and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:36"> of course sister was  against</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:39"> the guy who was ransom and in  science fiction about</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:42"> where that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:45">universe Isaac Asimov and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:48"> so he was  ignored</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:51"> 2009 then</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:54"> another story that was  written back in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:40:57"> 1945 had Bates that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:0"> the  movie the gave us</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:3"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:6"> and we find out that  spells</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:9"> to protect human civilizations  from humans</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:12"> but the key word here</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:15"> is  civilizations that is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:18"> quite capable and  does that the humans are</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:21"> that  civilizations it's basically</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:24"> a Supercop  in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:27"> the in the movie now if your</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:30"> entity  which is darker</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:33"> than that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:36"> answer</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:39"> that  has is this line you</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:42"> misunderstood  I said</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:45"> I am the master  so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:48"> what happened was that the humans</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:51">  actually not it accredited</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:54"> they were  actually part of the scheme</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:41:57">match mattress it wasn't even that's a  robot</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:0"> so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:3"> I asked you here just to pick  this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:6"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:9"> three ideas</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:12"> here</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:15"> I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:18"> go</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:21"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:24"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:27"> so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:30"> they're  smart people back</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:33"> through 20,000 years  that they had nothing to pick</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:36"> with Iran  cannot</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:39"> design a nation a single engine  for</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:42"> any of his miracles with his every  thought it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:45"> was not nearly as smart as  Leonardo</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:48"> was easily able to build  engines and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:51"> bells a lot of cars every</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:54">  was just down into the 19th century that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:42:57">  century had the knowledge and the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:0">  knowledge came because context</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:3"> person  dude</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:6"> and the head of science at modern</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:9">  engineering and by science so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:12"> the big  deal</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:15"> here is that a change</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:18"> in the  context changes</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:21"> the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:24"> kinds of things we  can eat makeup so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:27"> you think acknowledges  cellular</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:30"> context as goal and IQ it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:33"> was  pretty much without you</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:36"> yes people who</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:39">  often wind up not learning</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:42"> enough to be  able to use</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:45"> abilities in a constant way</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:48">  and this happens for all kinds</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:51"> of  banking organizations so here's I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:54"> found  the climate standing a little over</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:43:57"> two  and a half billion years ago</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:3">rganization</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:6"> of that statement</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:9"> assets  very long time</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:12"> and multiple body plan  secondly</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:15"> got invented probably</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:18"> gradually  along with but not in a way to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:21"> have a  critical mass that lets the Cambrian</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:24">  happen there's an explosion of that city</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:27">  nervous systems that have been to Berea</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:30">  the Cambrian and they've been</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:33"> extension  said we go back to our diagram</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:36">  stand back with</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:39"> for me that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:42"> became a  scientist a fan</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:45"> of science fiction  basket and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:48"> propriety of</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:51"> reasons</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:54"> the  curve</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:44:57"> knowledge and outlet</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:0"> over the last  two hundred thousand</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:3"> years it again has  this incredible</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:6"> to the once a couple of  could have been</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:9"> assets happened Greeks</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:12">  didn't quite make me happen that we  needed</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:15"> the Greeks to do the Renaissance  and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:18"> finally without a structure and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:21"> all  of a sudden because look at human beings</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:24">  as being creatures that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:27"> were primarily  mutation all a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:30"> progression to culture</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:33">  nature</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:36"> still took off</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:39"> practically when  another</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:42"> workable language within  cultures</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:45"> that embedded maybe sixty  eighty thousand years ago</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:48"> self-conscious  event to people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:51"> recently and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:54">self-conscious mummification and  improvement</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:45:57"> of the things that had a  chance</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:0"> used to do to Gina</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:3"> and this is  setting to think</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:6"> about our story</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:9"> going  back to vampire we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:12"> have to compare  with just</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:15"> mission have been improved</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:18">  society expanded</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:21"> by the the speck but  that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:24"> I'm barely been back in the forties  the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:27"> part of an idea that Rothberg had in  Star</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:30"> Trek was that should be able to fix  an achromatic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:33"> behavior to be able to  pour out of crises</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:36"> this is more  interesting</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:39"> point stories because they  had some serious</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:42"> policies that had to be  done they weren't always</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:45"> successful  today</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:48"> not that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:51"> wrote that story we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:54"> now  have crystal and crystal</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:46:57"> is allowing us  to consciously</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:0"> by the desire to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:3"> modify  our genetic</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:6"> materials even in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:9"> the face  and neck</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:12"> most American material actually  works we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:15"> only understand that the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:18"> team  making part which is a tiny part at</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:21"> the  actual DNA that's actually there</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:24"> and  said as</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:27"> we can circle here we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:30"> will wind  up being the aliens because</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:33"> we will fix  ourselves and maybe</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:36"> maybe badly but</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:39"> I  think that the time that we can fire</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:42"> off  at the hangar to Proxima Centuri than</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:45"> a  hundred years and we were wound</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:48"> up doing  some serious behavior modifications</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:51"> that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:54">  our only that communicate what</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:47:57"> will we  be as a species  when</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:0"> we take Old Earth our own evolution</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:3">thank</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:6"> you very much and here's my</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:9">  address if you have to an email</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:21">[Music]</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:24">check  all right</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:27"> we're Thank You Alan now that  was amazing as definitely</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:30">high points of this amazing conference  where</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:33"> are you willing to take some  questions</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:36"> mark</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:39"> yeah well we're gonna  just work gonna make adjustments I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:42">appreciate it so are there other  questions</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:54">this is a question that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:48:57"> maybe just due  to the semantics used but</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:0"> if you are  sending a essentially</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:3"> an executable file  to somebody else that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:6">run and then it's going to upload your  ambassador</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:9"> AI how do you protect from  malware</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:12"> and at getting out of the the  virtual machine</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:15"> that it builds yeah</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:18"> so  basically this is done</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:21"> with PostScript  though okay the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:24"> PostScript was</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:27"> to put it  in a confined address</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:30"> space  these are a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:33"> man in general the doctor a  good job policy to use but the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:36"> things  that are called processes are tasks</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:39"> on  your personal</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:42"> computer are buying the  best doses</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:45"> so the theory</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:48"> is that they  are spent over later</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:51"> was to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:54"> execute</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:49:57">  completely</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:0"> Samantha would just point out  that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:3"> was a that was openly about it  better</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:6"> not year was the theme the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:9">  program did not touch thanks anything of  matter that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:12"> it</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:15"> could execute to the full  extent of its ability</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:18"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:21"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:24"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:27"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:30"> job</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:33"> providing an  app at this basis</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:36"> whenever that was a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:39">  60s</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:42"> wouldn't that be nice to that pick</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:50:57">ha hi</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:0"> Ellen thanks for the presentation  I wanted to ask</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:3"> Licklider is ARPA dream</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:6">and how far away you think we are from  this or</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:9"> have we crossed that point  already with the Internet thank</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:12"> you</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:15"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:18"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:21"> I</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:27">just wanted to ask about Licklider</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:30"> z--  her dream and weather and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:33"> weather how  far away we are from this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:36"> reality or  have we crossed the threshold already</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:42">happened</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:45"> on</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:48"> the way to their banner</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:51"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:54"> this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:51:57">kills</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:0"> that funding</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:3"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:6"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:9"> surgeon</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:12"> there was</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:15"> a  massive effort to at</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:18"> least finish off  the words Mohinder betadine</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:21"> inventions  of that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:24"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:27"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:30"> type ng</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:33"> molarity Engelbart</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:36"> very</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:39">  good 1968</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:42"> which is 50 years of next year</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:45">  and we'll see a bunch of families that  have</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:48"> done that and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:51"> the reason is is what  happened as the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:54"> surface art Sparkle sets</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:52:57">  [Music]</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:53:9"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:53:39"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:53:42"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:54:36">another question</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:54:39">okay</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:54:42"> Alan I think one</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:54:45"> more Phil come on  over here</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:54:51">and thank</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:54:54"> you for your presentation a  quick question on what</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:54:57"> your thoughts  were with regards to moral code</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:0"> building  with artificial intelligence in future  yeah</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:3"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:6"> yeah  the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:9"> biggest problem it is AI</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:12"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:15"> veterans  because</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:18"> consistently show that people</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:21">  will follow nowise</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:24"> and so</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:27"> now really eat  up the oai for it to be dangerous</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:30">just need something that people will  fire</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:33"> because a team say janitors</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:36"> Anthony  this</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:39"> Minister was</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:42"> so these are either  and being</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:45"> society the chip even though  we're</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:48"> living than right now right in the  middle of</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:51"> it the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:54"> thing that was  interesting to</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:55:57"> me about</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:0"> universe</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:3"> that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:9">defines our just wasn't</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:12"> someone's a  little bit</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:15"> there the shorted with</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:18"> the  Three Laws of Robotics in</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:21"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:24"> robotics the  Jimenez</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:27"> Santa Isaac are stories were</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:30">  about loopholes there</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:33"> were not  anticipate where the robots gone after</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:36">  thanking various entities</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:39"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:42"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:45"> and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:48"> so he had  our appreciation</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:51"> our tracking systems</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:54">  there are two feet that be</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:56:57">  and service</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:0"> there were partly about  their</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:3"> 43050 you're doing when</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:6"> you sent  our principles that you have recommended</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:9">  mechanisms for us</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:12"> we</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:15"> were very careful  what we did with the consumer</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:18"> Internet  as the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:21"> existing the fastest to pass</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:24"> on  the message</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:36">true and with about ten billion dollars</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:39">  think about that</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:42"> that dioxin and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:45"> we  transmission that the way is</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:48"> by each  individual family</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:51"> certainly for the  information that they're able to gather</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:54">  facts and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:57:57"> is not easy to do it took the  popular passes</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:0"> the first version of did</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:3">  not have the amethyst Mystics meaning</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:6">  still about that I sit</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:9"> through the  Harrison and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:12"> that either evalu</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:15"> about  systems that your authority about  systems</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:18"> understand an existence</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:21"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:24"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:27"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:30"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:33"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:36"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:39"></subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:42"> decades</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:45">o</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:48"> all these ideas a</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:51"> cautionary that  first I think the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:54"> simplest facility was  the</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:58:57"> Norfolk bankers and alcohol most</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:59:0"> of  Europe evil perhaps honor</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:59:3"> the system and</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="0:59:12">[Music]</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="1:0:0">all right any other questions</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="1:0:3"> Alan I  very much appreciate</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="1:0:6">of Icarus interstellar and stars of  Congress thank</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="1:0:9"> you very much Alan Kay</subtitle>
+<subtitle id="1:0:18">signing off</subtitle>