Difference between revisions of "A concept video and Alan Kay talk at WWDC '90 (VPRI 358)"
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+ | == A concept video on the world with digital agents == | ||
<note for='00:00:31'> | <note for='00:00:31'> | ||
The Wikipedia page of the movie. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1923_film)]. | The Wikipedia page of the movie. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunchback_of_Notre_Dame_(1923_film)]. | ||
The novel is available on Project Gutenberg, etc. [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2610]. | The novel is available on Project Gutenberg, etc. [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2610]. | ||
</note> | </note> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:00:31'> | + | <subtitle id='00:00:31'>1923 Lon Chaney's brilliant characterization of Quasimoto in hunchback of Notre Dame played on the audience's tendency to stereotype to prejudge individuals,</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:00:42'>According to their appearance rather than understand them for who they really were.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:00:42'>According to their appearance rather than understand them for who they really were.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:00:53'>It's not. Dictate. It's been nearly a century since the Hunchback of Notre Dame horrified audiences in the silent movie houses.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:00:53'>It's not. Dictate. It's been nearly a century since the Hunchback of Notre Dame horrified audiences in the silent movie houses.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:07:43'>No, no, thank you.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:43'>No, no, thank you.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:48'>I think we'll just see the menu, thank you.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:48'>I think we'll just see the menu, thank you.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:07:47'> | + | <subtitle id='00:07:47'>Très bien madame, tout de suite. (Very good madam, right away.)</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:07:51'>Impressive. I didn't know you spoke French</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:51'>Impressive. I didn't know you spoke French</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:07:53'>Well, I don't really, but I understand a little.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:07:53'>Well, I don't really, but I understand a little.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:10:07'>No, I just got started, really.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:10:07'>No, I just got started, really.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:10:23'>Chapter 1, that's not a bad idea. Okay, you guys, let's see.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:10:23'>Chapter 1, that's not a bad idea. Okay, you guys, let's see.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Introducing Alan Kay == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:10:50'>that's my favorite Apple video.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:10:50'>that's my favorite Apple video.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:10:55'>My favorite quote from our next speaker is the best way to predict the future is to invent it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:10:55'>My favorite quote from our next speaker is the best way to predict the future is to invent it.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:11:25'>He's going to challenge you to forge some new links in that organic computer between your ears.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:25'>He's going to challenge you to forge some new links in that organic computer between your ears.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:11:33'>Please join me in welcoming Alan Kay.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:33'>Please join me in welcoming Alan Kay.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Introduction == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:11:47'>Thanks for inviting me here tonight.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:47'>Thanks for inviting me here tonight.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:11:53'>With all of these projectors. I usually rate a conference by how many video projectors there are.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:11:53'>With all of these projectors. I usually rate a conference by how many video projectors there are.</subtitle> | ||
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<note for="00:13:27"> | <note for="00:13:27"> | ||
The video of Knowledge Navigator is available. [https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=knowledge+navigator]. | The video of Knowledge Navigator is available. [https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=knowledge+navigator]. | ||
− | Alan Kay once mentioned that it would have been much stronger concept video if the assistant is portable, and carried with the person, and show the "third way" in this talk. | + | Alan Kay once mentioned that it would have been much stronger concept video if the assistant is portable, and carried with the person, and show the "third way" ("intimate" in "Going from institutional, personal, to intimate.") in this talk. |
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:13:27'>We've talked about them in various ways. You've seen videos of the Knowledge Navigator, and you just saw another agent-based one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:13:27'>We've talked about them in various ways. You've seen videos of the Knowledge Navigator, and you just saw another agent-based one.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Tools. Extension of Human Beings == | ||
+ | |||
+ | <note for="00:13:36"> | ||
+ | We use an incomplete list of slides we have so far. | ||
+ | <slide for="00:13:36" name="WWDC90-1.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:13:41" name="WWDC90-2.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:14:35" name="WWDC90-3.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:17:34" name="WWDC90-4.JPG"/> | ||
+ | <slide for="00:17:53" name="WWDC90-5.JPG"/> | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:13:36'>But, I thought one way of talking about it in perspective is to think of what we're trying to do is to extend human beings.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:13:36'>But, I thought one way of talking about it in perspective is to think of what we're trying to do is to extend human beings.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:13:49'>Human beings are inescapably technology-bound in the sense that we find it almost impossible to deal with the world on any kind of direct terms.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:13:49'>Human beings are inescapably technology-bound in the sense that we find it almost impossible to deal with the world on any kind of direct terms.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:18:13'>We can manipulate them in a way that is almost impossible to do in the real world.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:13'>We can manipulate them in a way that is almost impossible to do in the real world.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:18:20'>The M-word for the tool extensions I think of as manipulation.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:20'>The M-word for the tool extensions I think of as manipulation.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Agents as Extension of Human == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:18:24'>Now, we have another way of extending ourselves over the last several hundred thousand years. It's a little more subtle.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:24'>Now, we have another way of extending ourselves over the last several hundred thousand years. It's a little more subtle.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:18:30'>we don't often think of it. That's by using agents. An agent is an entity that is going to be able to take on some of our goals structure.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:18:30'>we don't often think of it. That's by using agents. An agent is an entity that is going to be able to take on some of our goals structure.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:20:30'>And, agents are something that look at us, and we manage them.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:30'>And, agents are something that look at us, and we manage them.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:20:35'>It was a very different way of dealing them but they are the two main ways that we've extended ourselves over the years.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:35'>It was a very different way of dealing them but they are the two main ways that we've extended ourselves over the years.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Is Computer A Tool or an Agent? == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:20:43'>One of the biggest problems when computers came out is that the mainframe didn't look like either.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:43'>One of the biggest problems when computers came out is that the mainframe didn't look like either.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:20:50'>Mainframe was out of human scale. Things that are out of human scale, we have mechanisms in our brain that treat them religiously.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:20:50'>Mainframe was out of human scale. Things that are out of human scale, we have mechanisms in our brain that treat them religiously.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:21:29'>Both of these ideas go back to maybe 1957 or 58. The first really good interactive debugger was was done at Lincoln Labs around 1957.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:29'>Both of these ideas go back to maybe 1957 or 58. The first really good interactive debugger was was done at Lincoln Labs around 1957.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:21:42'>The SAGE air defense system was done in the mid 50's.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:42'>The SAGE air defense system was done in the mid 50's.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:21:51"> | ||
+ | The advice taker paper by McCarthy is here: [http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/mcc59.pdf]. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:21:51'>The first pointing device called the light gun was used back then. McCarthy around 1958 wrote a paper about the advice taker.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:51'>The first pointing device called the light gun was used back then. McCarthy around 1958 wrote a paper about the advice taker.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:21:59'>In this paper, McCarthy, who is one of the founders of AI, like this is why he got into AI, said: it is quite obvious that in the near future (unfortunately John is still alive because this hasn't happened yet but see how optimistic everyone one was back then. To him it was obvious.).</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:21:59'>In this paper, McCarthy, who is one of the founders of AI, like this is why he got into AI, said: it is quite obvious that in the near future (unfortunately John is still alive because this hasn't happened yet but see how optimistic everyone one was back then. To him it was obvious.).</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:22:58'>And the way we will deal with it is we'll give it advice. In other words, we'll manage it. We won't program it. We'll manage it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:22:58'>And the way we will deal with it is we'll give it advice. In other words, we'll manage it. We won't program it. We'll manage it.</subtitle> | ||
<note for='00:23:05'> | <note for='00:23:05'> | ||
− | MCC was a research consortium to complete against | + | MCC was a research consortium to complete against Japanese Fifth-Generation Computer Project. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectronics_and_Computer_Technology_Corporation]. |
− | The Cyc project is | + | The Cyc project is going at Cycorp inc. [http://www.cyc.com/]. |
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:05'>This started off (a very long-standing...) It's gone on for many many years now, the latest most interesting thing like what John McCarthy wanted to do is a project called Cyc, which is a model of human common-sense done at MCC by Doug Lenat.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:05'>This started off (a very long-standing...) It's gone on for many many years now, the latest most interesting thing like what John McCarthy wanted to do is a project called Cyc, which is a model of human common-sense done at MCC by Doug Lenat.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:23:26"> | ||
+ | The book is Building "Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project" by Lenat and R.V. Guha, published in 1990. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:26'>If you're interested in I refer you to that work. he's also at Stanford and he's just written a pretty good book about it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:26'>If you're interested in I refer you to that work. he's also at Stanford and he's just written a pretty good book about it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:33'>This goes all the way back to McCarthy's original ideas on this. It is a very hard problem.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:33'>This goes all the way back to McCarthy's original ideas on this. It is a very hard problem.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:23:41'>But McCarthy's insight was very strong because we are going to be embedded in the midst of an information utility.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:23:41'>But McCarthy's insight was very strong because we are going to be embedded in the midst of an information utility.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:23:51'>It's happening willy-nilly. AT&T could have done it after the divestiture, but they were frightened of the idea</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:23:51'>It's happening willy-nilly. AT&T could have done it after the divestiture, but they were frightened of the idea.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:24:59'>Somebody told them they had a network, they said: "network? We thought we had a telephone!"</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:59'>Somebody told them they had a network, they said: "network? We thought we had a telephone!"</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:04'>And, they fired the guy they had originally gotten in to do this project called Baby Bell, which was going to be a pervasive network in the early 80s so that people could write applications to.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:04'>And, they fired the guy they had originally gotten in to do this project called Baby Bell, which was going to be a pervasive network in the early 80s so that people could write applications to.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:16'>But the point is that we're just now starting to go into a change as large, I believe, as the one from the mainframes to what you're doing today.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:16'>But the point is that we're just now starting to go into a change as large, I believe, as the one from the mainframes to what you're doing today.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:28'>The question is how frightening is it actually going to be.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:28'>The question is how frightening is it actually going to be.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Seeds of Transition from Institutionalized Computing to Personal Computing == | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:35'>Well, I got a big surprise. I this is the first personal computer I did it was called the FLEX machine. (Must be a critic.)</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:35'>Well, I got a big surprise. I this is the first personal computer I did it was called the FLEX machine. (Must be a critic.)</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:24:46'>it's called the FLEX machine.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:46'>it's called the FLEX machine.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:24:59'>This is one of the great things about our business is that we've compressed to 400 years of ordinary history of Technology into 40.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:24:59'>This is one of the great things about our business is that we've compressed to 400 years of ordinary history of Technology into 40.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:25:09'>So, all of these great people who have these original ideas are still alive and we can tell them that...</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:09'>So, all of these great people who have these original ideas are still alive and we can tell them that...</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:25:13'>you know, giving a testimonial to somebody after they're dead really stinks but, it's wonderful that these people, | + | <subtitle id='00:25:13'>you know, giving a testimonial to somebody after they're dead really stinks but, it's wonderful that these people, </subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:25:21'>real heroes because they did this stuff when it was really hard.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:25:21'>who are real heroes because they did this stuff when it was really hard.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:25:25'>We think it's hard now but it's not even, not even close to what it was like back then.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:25:25'>We think it's hard now, but it's not even, not even close to what it was like back then.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:25:30'>I think of him as the actual father of personal computing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:30'>I think of him as the actual father of personal computing.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:25:34'>He didn't do the first personal computer, that was done at Lincoln | + | <subtitle id='00:25:34'>He didn't do the first personal computer, that was done at Lincoln Labs in in 1962.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:25:41'>But, he was the guy who thought about the users relationship to the machine in the way we think of today with with personal computing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:41'>But, he was the guy who thought about the users relationship to the machine in the way we think of today with with personal computing.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:25:48'> I think that's the most important part of it. So, I got really excited. The main bug in the Engelbart's thing is he tried to do it on time sharing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:25:48'> I think that's the most important part of it. So, I got really excited. The main bug in the Engelbart's thing is he tried to do it on time sharing.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:26:52'>The computer that the astronauts went to the moon on was a program by a tangle of wire of about two cubic feet that was held onboard of that spacecraft.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:26:52'>The computer that the astronauts went to the moon on was a program by a tangle of wire of about two cubic feet that was held onboard of that spacecraft.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:27:03'>So, 512-bit rom was a big deal. (cement) We could do micro coating in a way that would not completely drive us crazy.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:27:03'>So, 512-bit rom was a big deal. (cement) We could do micro coating in a way that would not completely drive us crazy.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:27:13'>But, the problem with this approach and I think the approach of this middle way of going about it is | + | <subtitle id='00:27:13'>But, the problem with this approach and I think the approach of this middle way of going about it is that Engelbart's user interface was too violin-like.</subtitle> |
− | |||
<subtitle id='00:27:25'>If you're willing to spend many many hours getting expert at it you could do truly amazing things.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:27:25'>If you're willing to spend many many hours getting expert at it you could do truly amazing things.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:27:31'>There's a real discontinuity. In 1968 I saw a terrific system done at | + | <subtitle id='00:27:31'>There's a real discontinuity. In 1968, I saw a terrific system done at RAND which did hand character recognition.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:27:41'>That changed my whole notion about machines because Engelbart's way of thinking about it was that the mainframe is sort of like a railroad, and somebody needs to be Henry Ford.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:27:41'>That changed my whole notion about machines because Engelbart's way of thinking about it was that the mainframe is sort of like a railroad, and somebody needs to be Henry Ford.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:27:56'>We don't want IBM or these big companies telling us what we can do with a computer.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:27:56'>We don't want IBM or these big companies telling us what we can do with a computer.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:29:12'>The middle one is sort of like Newtonian physics.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:12'>The middle one is sort of like Newtonian physics.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:29:15'>The one on the right hand side is maybe the theory of relativity or something modern.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:15'>The one on the right hand side is maybe the theory of relativity or something modern.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == The Transition is not Incremental, but Qualitatively Different Relationship == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:29:21'>The important idea that these are huge. They are not progressive changes that are just about computers getting smaller.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:21'>The important idea that these are huge. They are not progressive changes that are just about computers getting smaller.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:29:27'>They're actually changes in point of view. Big changes in the relationship of the user to the machine.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:27'>They're actually changes in point of view. Big changes in the relationship of the user to the machine.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:29:34'>I'll just give you one example: if you take the mainframe, | + | <subtitle id='00:29:34'>I'll just give you one example: if you take the mainframe, 3270 glass teletype screens way of doing things,</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:29:46'>and that extends to the IBM PC because the IBM PC was sort of a way of doing a small mainframe without adding any new insights into how you were to interact with it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:29:46'>and that extends to the IBM PC because the IBM PC was sort of a way of doing a small mainframe without adding any new insights into how you were to interact with it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:30:00'>The basic idea of user interface on these machines is to think of it as access to function.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:30:00'>The basic idea of user interface on these machines is to think of it as access to function.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:30:40'>It's number one task is to gently teach you all the things that it can do and make you aware each time what can be done next.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:30:40'>It's number one task is to gently teach you all the things that it can do and make you aware each time what can be done next.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:30:50'>Putting things into pulldown menus as a primary strategy is a terrible one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:30:50'>Putting things into pulldown menus as a primary strategy is a terrible one.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:30:56'>When I see a Mac application that has no visible menus, I say: "uh-oh, this thing probably ran on an IBM PC at some point and they're just trying to put Bearnaise sauce on the | + | <subtitle id='00:30:56'>When I see a Mac application that has no visible menus, I say: "uh-oh, this thing probably ran on an IBM PC at some point and they're just trying to put Bearnaise sauce on the hot dog.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:31:11'>But you have to do more. You have to change the | + | <subtitle id='00:31:11'>But you have to do more. You have to change the user's relationship to the system and realize that your major task is to have the users learn as they go along.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:31:20'>Just as that is a such a large revolution that most of the people who are trying to imitate it don't understand it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:31:20'>Just as that is a such a large revolution that most of the people who are trying to imitate it don't understand it.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Intimate Computing Will Be Proactive Engine == | ||
<subtitle id='00:31:29'>We're just starting on the next revolution which is going to be equally cataclysmic because the computer that goes wherever we are will probably not even have an on/off switch.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:31:29'>We're just starting on the next revolution which is going to be equally cataclysmic because the computer that goes wherever we are will probably not even have an on/off switch.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:31:41'>It's not going to be a standalone laptop. It almost certainly will be hooked into digital cellular.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:31:41'>It's not going to be a standalone laptop. It almost certainly will be hooked into digital cellular.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:32:23'>But, what we're going to have in the next few years is a proactive engine.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:23'>But, what we're going to have in the next few years is a proactive engine.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:32:27'>That's a proactive engine that's going to be embedded in a pervasive network.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:27'>That's a proactive engine that's going to be embedded in a pervasive network.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:32:33'>Not like local area net, not sharing files, but ones in which we are going to get resources not in a computer store</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:32:33'>Not like local area net, not sharing files, but ones in which we are going to get resources not in a computer store.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:32:43'>But, somebody in Timbuktu is going to write us an application.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:43'>But, somebody in Timbuktu is going to write us an application.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:32:48'>They don't know about us but they're going to write a component that is exactly what we want and our agent is going to find it for us.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:32:48'>They don't know about us but they're going to write a component that is exactly what we want and our agent is going to find it for us.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:33:28'>And, that the major difference is that we're asking those questions now in the Macintosh.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:28'>And, that the major difference is that we're asking those questions now in the Macintosh.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:32'>A few years from now, we're going to have to start seriously asking them about an entirely new way of doing computing.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:32'>A few years from now, we're going to have to start seriously asking them about an entirely new way of doing computing.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == What is Relevant is Finding Important Information == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:33:42'>So, these are a couple of Larry's examples, which I think are particularly nice.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:42'>So, these are a couple of Larry's examples, which I think are particularly nice.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:46'>People worried about response time on the mainframe.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:46'>People worried about response time on the mainframe.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:51'>3090. Today typical 3090 in a public utilities that I'm familiar with, you get 0.05 MIPSs per user.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:51'>3090. Today typical 3090 in a public utilities that I'm familiar with, you get 0.05 MIPSs per user.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:33:51'>It has lots.. that, you know, it's about a 30 MIPS machines but there are 450 terminals on it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:33:51'>It has lots.. that, you know, it's about a 30 MIPS machines but there are 450 terminals on it.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:34:09"> | ||
+ | A Wikipedia page on path length: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_path_length]. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:09'>What they worry about when they do software on it is what they call path length.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:09'>What they worry about when they do software on it is what they call path length.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:13'>(because) Does anybody in this room ever heard the expression path length? Right.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:13'>(because) Does anybody in this room ever heard the expression path length? Right.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:34:27'>Path length is how many millions of instructions have to be executed by the mainframe before you get a response back to the terminal.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:27'>Path length is how many millions of instructions have to be executed by the mainframe before you get a response back to the terminal.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:38'>Right? We don't worry about that. Instead, what we're in is a horsepower race.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:38'>Right? We don't worry about that. Instead, what we're in is a horsepower race.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:34:43'>Most of you here are too young to remember the 50s. This is before the gas | + | <subtitle id='00:34:43'>Most of you here are too young to remember the 50s. This is before the gas wars. In the 50s, we had these great old Dodges with 450 horsepower.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:34:54'>They got about 6 miles to the gallon, and they made a lot of noise.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:54'>They got about 6 miles to the gallon, and they made a lot of noise.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:34:57'>You could lay a strip of rubber a block long and these things. That's where we are right now.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:34:57'>You could lay a strip of rubber a block long and these things. That's where we are right now.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:35:25'>We're gonna have tons of MIPS. 50 to 100 MIPS in 1995 easy.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:35:25'>We're gonna have tons of MIPS. 50 to 100 MIPS in 1995 easy.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:35:30'>Much more than that, actually. (It's) We're going to be drowned in MIPS.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:35:30'>Much more than that, actually. (It's) We're going to be drowned in MIPS.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:35:35'>We won't know what to do with the MIPS. In fact, the MIPS are going to disappear from our view just like path length is something that we no longer think about</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:35:35'>We won't know what to do with the MIPS. In fact, the MIPS are going to disappear from our view just like path length is something that we no longer think about.</subtitle> |
− | <subtitle id='00:35:46'>We're going to worry about can we find what we need out of the trillion objects or more that we're connected to dynamically.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:35:46'>We're going to worry about: can we find what we need out of the trillion objects or more that we're connected to dynamically.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:35:54'>Can we find it?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:35:54'>Can we find it?</subtitle> | ||
− | == Integrate Information == | + | == Integrate Information Key Ideas about Dynamic Linking == |
<subtitle id='00:36:00'>Integrate information, what is something that is closer to home. We don't on a mainframe.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:36:00'>Integrate information, what is something that is closer to home. We don't on a mainframe.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:37:19'>If you can do that, then you can get all of the relevant stuff seem to be in the same place.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:19'>If you can do that, then you can get all of the relevant stuff seem to be in the same place.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:37:26'>A critical insight first had by Engelbart. </subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:26'>A critical insight first had by Engelbart. </subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:37:29'>Feel of interaction. It feels like editing on a 3270 or an IBM PC. Layout on the Mac, you're moving around | + | |
+ | == Feel of Interaction == | ||
+ | |||
+ | <subtitle id='00:37:29'>Feel of interaction. It feels like editing on a 3270 or an IBM PC. Layout on the Mac, you're moving around 2D things.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:37:39'>Larry says orchestration, but I like to use the word conducting because what we're going to be manipulating on the in this next revolution is going to be active, proactive, objects not passive ones.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:39'>Larry says orchestration, but I like to use the word conducting because what we're going to be manipulating on the in this next revolution is going to be active, proactive, objects not passive ones.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:37:58'>Issue commands. Again, think of Institutional, well, you have to remember and type.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:37:58'>Issue commands. Again, think of Institutional, well, you have to remember and type.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:40:02'>And so the more the developers agitate for support for getting into this third way, this third paradigm of computing, the more easy it is for Apple to decide to do it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:02'>And so the more the developers agitate for support for getting into this third way, this third paradigm of computing, the more easy it is for Apple to decide to do it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:12'>It works both ways.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:12'>It works both ways.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Difference in Programming Models: COBOL vs. Object-Oriented == | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:17'>Here's an interesting one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:17'>Here's an interesting one.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:21'>The first thing probably is foreign to you, but it's what goes on in the other world out there. That world slightly to the east of the San Andreas Fault.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:21'>The first thing probably is foreign to you, but it's what goes on in the other world out there. That world slightly to the east of the San Andreas Fault.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:40:36"> | ||
+ | This project was for Brooklyn Union Gas. A paper titled "Object-oriented development at Brooklyn Union Gas" by John Davis and Tom Morgan exists. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:36'>What happens is companies like Arthur Andersen get hired by a public utility as an example to do a billing program.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:36'>What happens is companies like Arthur Andersen get hired by a public utility as an example to do a billing program.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:40:47'>They sit down and they have these design tools, and they figure: "hmm, this program is going to take about 1.6 million lines of COBOL to do."</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:40:47'>They sit down and they have these design tools, and they figure: "hmm, this program is going to take about 1.6 million lines of COBOL to do."</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:44:56'>We have to do it.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:44:56'>We have to do it.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:45:01'>This is not a plea for Apple events, but it's just to get you to realize that what Apple events are about is to try and find an object-oriented protocol for things that are big and ugly inside, but are nonetheless going to have to be treated as objects in order to make progression as far as integration is concerned.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:45:01'>This is not a plea for Apple events, but it's just to get you to realize that what Apple events are about is to try and find an object-oriented protocol for things that are big and ugly inside, but are nonetheless going to have to be treated as objects in order to make progression as far as integration is concerned.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Objects to Components == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:45:23'>Now, the important thing is if you take a look at the right-hand panel there, what we see is not generic tools.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:45:23'>Now, the important thing is if you take a look at the right-hand panel there, what we see is not generic tools.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:45:30'>The generic tool is like a spreadsheet, like a desktop publishing system.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:45:30'>The generic tool is like a spreadsheet, like a desktop publishing system.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:48:43'>That means that the components have to be much more self describing, even than objects are.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:48:43'>That means that the components have to be much more self describing, even than objects are.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:48:49'>This is a real challenge. It has not been done successfully. At the end of this talk, I'm going to show you a couple of examples of some experiments in this because I think it's a really interesting way of thinking about the future.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:48:49'>This is a real challenge. It has not been done successfully. At the end of this talk, I'm going to show you a couple of examples of some experiments in this because I think it's a really interesting way of thinking about the future.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Tools Change Very Slowly: Screwdriver == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:49:06'>Finally, what's the key to all this stuff? Well, if you ask somebody for a screwdriver, and they just give you this, you would get very angry.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:06'>Finally, what's the key to all this stuff? Well, if you ask somebody for a screwdriver, and they just give you this, you would get very angry.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:15'>They say: "what's wrong? You know I'm giving you a screwdriver this is a mainframe. This is the functional part of it. What are you complaining about?"</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:15'>They say: "what's wrong? You know I'm giving you a screwdriver this is a mainframe. This is the functional part of it. What are you complaining about?"</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:24'>You say, "well, no. I want the user interface.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:24'>You say, "well, no. I want the user interface.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:28'>Because if I don't do that, I'm not going to have a tool. Now, when I was making this slide, I looked at this and it occurred to me that this was the dumbest design for a screwdriver that I'd ever saw.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:28'>Because if I don't do that, I'm not going to have a tool. Now, when I was making this slide, I looked at this and it occurred to me that this was the dumbest design for a screwdriver that I'd ever saw.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:49:40'>I'd never looked at it before. I was thinking that wow the mechanical advantage is the ratio of the diameter of the handle to the diameter of the shaft.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:49:40'>I'd never looked at it before. I was thinking that, wow, the mechanical advantage is the ratio of the diameter of the handle to the diameter of the shaft.</subtitle> |
+ | <note for="00:49:50"> | ||
+ | Alan was gesturing the way where his palm would be on the side of the handle. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:50'>That's small. I get the most purchase on it by grabbing it like this, but I do it like this it slides off the screw.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:50'>That's small. I get the most purchase on it by grabbing it like this, but I do it like this it slides off the screw.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:49:56"> | ||
+ | Here, his palm is at the end of handle but only fingers are used to turn the handle. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:49:56'>If I hold it the way it wants me to do I get very little leverage.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:49:56'>If I hold it the way it wants me to do I get very little leverage.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:50:59'>As I started thinking "what should a screwdriver look like?" What should it look like?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:50:59'>As I started thinking "what should a screwdriver look like?" What should it look like?</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:51:04'>What you want to ask is this thing an old kind of tools, or is this a new kind of tool?</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:04'>What you want to ask is this thing an old kind of tools, or is this a new kind of tool?</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:51:09'>User interface is the key here.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:09'>User interface is the key here.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == User Interface as the way to change the relationship == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:51:14'>The important idea in the user interface is that you can change the relationship of the user to his knowledge by giving them a different kind of representation system to think about it in terms of.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:14'>The important idea in the user interface is that you can change the relationship of the user to his knowledge by giving them a different kind of representation system to think about it in terms of.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:51:29'>That is a key notion. It is incredibly difficult to deal with numbers in terms of Roman numerals.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:29'>That is a key notion. It is incredibly difficult to deal with numbers in terms of Roman numerals.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:51:46'>There in any population, 5% of the people are natural-born nerds for whatever it is.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:46'>There in any population, 5% of the people are natural-born nerds for whatever it is.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:51:53'>We're all in this room together. But the other 95% have other, more reasonable, more balanced pursuits.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:51:53'>We're all in this room together. But the other 95% have other, more reasonable, more balanced pursuits.</subtitle> | ||
− | <subtitle id='00:52:07'>The way of getting them to do multiplication two [numbers] is to come up with Arabic notation that has a simple algorithm and then everybody can learn how to do it.</subtitle> | + | <subtitle id='00:52:07'>The way of getting them to do multiplication [of] two [numbers] is to come up with Arabic notation that has a simple algorithm and then everybody can learn how to do it.</subtitle> |
<subtitle id='00:52:17'>If you want to communicate with an animal, then come up with a representation system that will link what you want to communicate with what the animal can deal with.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:52:17'>If you want to communicate with an animal, then come up with a representation system that will link what you want to communicate with what the animal can deal with.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:52:26'>This is an example of a chimpanzee doing a symbolic language in terms of icons that work quite well some years ago.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:52:26'>This is an example of a chimpanzee doing a symbolic language in terms of icons that work quite well some years ago.</subtitle> | ||
Line 450: | Line 515: | ||
<subtitle id='00:53:00'>How do we make use of what we found.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:00'>How do we make use of what we found.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:53:05'>Well, we have a user interface that seems to work pretty well. Let me give you an example.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:05'>Well, we have a user interface that seems to work pretty well. Let me give you an example.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == Lara uses Mac: Similarity among Applications == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='00:53:22'>This is a 22 month old little girl and her her mother is my accountant.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:22'>This is a 22 month old little girl and her her mother is my accountant.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:53:31'>Both their parents, when this was taken, worked at home. Each of them had a Macintosh.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:53:31'>Both their parents, when this was taken, worked at home. Each of them had a Macintosh.</subtitle> | ||
Line 463: | Line 531: | ||
<subtitle id='00:55:10'>This was sewing that doesn't make you want to buy a Mac.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:55:10'>This was sewing that doesn't make you want to buy a Mac.</subtitle> | ||
<note for='00:55:22'> | <note for='00:55:22'> | ||
− | Somebody | + | Somebody presumably joked about wanting to buy a child, not a Mac. |
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:55:22'>that's what's great about children. You can make them. you don't have to buy them.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:55:22'>that's what's great about children. You can make them. you don't have to buy them.</subtitle> | ||
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<subtitle id='00:57:24'>You ever opened the hood of a Cadillac? If you wanted to find the carburetor you wouldn't even know where to look for it even if it had one.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:24'>You ever opened the hood of a Cadillac? If you wanted to find the carburetor you wouldn't even know where to look for it even if it had one.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:57:33'>It can't fire off one cylinder without energizing about a hundred thousand transistors.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:33'>It can't fire off one cylinder without energizing about a hundred thousand transistors.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:57:39"> | ||
+ | The nickname of the Model T is Tin Lizzie, which is used to symbolize the VPRI's later work, including the domain name of this site. | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:57:39'>There's nothing like a Model T. That's what it's like if the users are allowed to pop the hood of your applications.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:39'>There's nothing like a Model T. That's what it's like if the users are allowed to pop the hood of your applications.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:57:46'>There's very little that they can do to customize it and yet every user that you have within the first month of using your tools has ideas about the way it should actually be.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:57:46'>There's very little that they can do to customize it and yet every user that you have within the first month of using your tools has ideas about the way it should actually be.</subtitle> | ||
Line 492: | Line 563: | ||
</note> | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:58:37'>This one you might only spend 99 bucks for at Egghead. But in fact, this movie was taken in 1975.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:58:37'>This one you might only spend 99 bucks for at Egghead. But in fact, this movie was taken in 1975.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="00:58:48"> | ||
+ | Possibly by Susan Hamet. See. [http://worrydream.com/EarlyHistoryOfSmalltalk] | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='00:58:48'>This application, not the drawing here, but the application was designed and implemented by a twelve-year-old child.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:58:48'>This application, not the drawing here, but the application was designed and implemented by a twelve-year-old child.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='00:58:55'>So, this is an example of end-user programming. This is almost impossible to do in HyperCard because she's not using pre-done graphics primitives here.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='00:58:55'>So, this is an example of end-user programming. This is almost impossible to do in HyperCard because she's not using pre-done graphics primitives here.</subtitle> | ||
Line 507: | Line 581: | ||
<subtitle id='01:00:52'>The important thing to remember is that the agent is watching you. You're not watching it so much anymore. It's watching you.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:00:52'>The important thing to remember is that the agent is watching you. You're not watching it so much anymore. It's watching you.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:00:59'>And, you want it to track your goals in an extremely high-resolution way.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:00:59'>And, you want it to track your goals in an extremely high-resolution way.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | == An example of Computer Agent: The Synthetic Performer == | ||
+ | |||
<subtitle id='01:01:04'>I thought for quite a while and what can I show you that will illustrate an agent track and goals.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:01:04'>I thought for quite a while and what can I show you that will illustrate an agent track and goals.</subtitle> | ||
+ | <note for="01:01:19"> | ||
+ | The work is called The Synthetic Performer by Barry Vercoe with Larry Beauregard. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vOYky8MmrEU] | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='01:01:09'>And, I found an agent done at MIT that I think illustrates this idea.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:01:09'>And, I found an agent done at MIT that I think illustrates this idea.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:01:19'>Here, the computer is playing the harpsichord.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:01:19'>Here, the computer is playing the harpsichord.</subtitle> | ||
Line 521: | Line 601: | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:02'>This is one of the first tasks. The interesting thing about agents is they don't have to be terribly smart.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:02'>This is one of the first tasks. The interesting thing about agents is they don't have to be terribly smart.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:08'>This one is not terribly smart, and it works quite well.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:08'>This one is not terribly smart, and it works quite well.</subtitle> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <note for="01:04:11"> | ||
+ | (Work at the ATARI Research. Not the one Alan describes but related work from ATARI Research can be seen here: [https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=KMKVTbcF2ro] | ||
+ | </note> | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:11'>One of the first agents I designed is one that simply stayed up all night and found you the newspaper you'd most like to read next morning.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:11'>One of the first agents I designed is one that simply stayed up all night and found you the newspaper you'd most like to read next morning.</subtitle> | ||
<subtitle id='01:04:20'>It did it by looking at 12 different databases, spending hours sifting through things.</subtitle> | <subtitle id='01:04:20'>It did it by looking at 12 different databases, spending hours sifting through things.</subtitle> |
Latest revision as of 22:54, 12 December 2017
Contents
- 1 A concept video on the world with digital agents
- 2 Introducing Alan Kay
- 3 Introduction
- 4 Tools. Extension of Human Beings
- 5 Agents as Extension of Human
- 6 Is Computer A Tool or an Agent?
- 7 Seeds of Transition from Institutionalized Computing to Personal Computing
- 8 The Transition is not Incremental, but Qualitatively Different Relationship
- 9 Intimate Computing Will Be Proactive Engine
- 10 What is Relevant is Finding Important Information
- 11 Integrate Information Key Ideas about Dynamic Linking
- 12 Feel of Interaction
- 13 Difference in Programming Models: COBOL vs. Object-Oriented
- 14 Objects to Components
- 15 Tools Change Very Slowly: Screwdriver
- 16 User Interface as the way to change the relationship
- 17 Lara uses Mac: Similarity among Applications
- 18 An example of Computer Agent: The Synthetic Performer
A concept video on the world with digital agents
The Wikipedia page of the movie. [1]. The novel is available on Project Gutenberg, etc. [2].
Introducing Alan Kay
Introduction
antediluvian: Before Flood, or the age before a big change happened.
The video of Knowledge Navigator is available. [3]. Alan Kay once mentioned that it would have been much stronger concept video if the assistant is portable, and carried with the person, and show the "third way" ("intimate" in "Going from institutional, personal, to intimate.") in this talk.
Tools. Extension of Human Beings
We use an incomplete list of slides we have so far.
Agents as Extension of Human
The book by Lewis Mumford is Technics and Civilization. [4].
Is Computer A Tool or an Agent?
The Whirlwind computer done at MIT Lincoln Labs had interactive code change and data examination. A programming experience on a later system inspired by this was described at the bottom of: [5]
The advice taker paper by McCarthy is here: [6].
MCC was a research consortium to complete against Japanese Fifth-Generation Computer Project. [7]. The Cyc project is going at Cycorp inc. [8].
The book is Building "Large Knowledge-Based Systems; Representation and Inference in the Cyc Project" by Lenat and R.V. Guha, published in 1990.
Seeds of Transition from Institutionalized Computing to Personal Computing
Doug Engelbart Institute website [9] has large collection of his group's work.
Core Rope Memory on Wikipedia [10].
The Transition is not Incremental, but Qualitatively Different Relationship
Intimate Computing Will Be Proactive Engine
What is Relevant is Finding Important Information
A Wikipedia page on path length: [11].
Integrate Information Key Ideas about Dynamic Linking
System 7 was a version of Mac OS. The linking feature was Publish and Subscribe [12].
Feel of Interaction
Standard Operating Procedure manuals.
Difference in Programming Models: COBOL vs. Object-Oriented
This project was for Brooklyn Union Gas. A paper titled "Object-oriented development at Brooklyn Union Gas" by John Davis and Tom Morgan exists.
Objects to Components
Lotus Jazz. [13].
Tools Change Very Slowly: Screwdriver
Alan was gesturing the way where his palm would be on the side of the handle.
Here, his palm is at the end of handle but only fingers are used to turn the handle.
User Interface as the way to change the relationship
Lara uses Mac: Similarity among Applications
Somebody presumably joked about wanting to buy a child, not a Mac.
The nickname of the Model T is Tin Lizzie, which is used to symbolize the VPRI's later work, including the domain name of this site.
Egghead Software [14].
Possibly by Susan Hamet. See. [15]
An example of Computer Agent: The Synthetic Performer
The work is called The Synthetic Performer by Barry Vercoe with Larry Beauregard. [16]
(Work at the ATARI Research. Not the one Alan describes but related work from ATARI Research can be seen here: [17]